PURPOSE:This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the nutritional strategies to treat the signs and symptoms related to EIMD. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based upon the quality and quantity of the scientific support available: (1) interventions with a good level of evidence; (2) interventions with some evidence and require more research; and (3) potential nutritional interventions with little to-no-evidence to support efficacy. METHOD:Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were used. The search terms 'EIMD' and 'exercise-induced muscle damage' were individually concatenated with 'supplementation', 'athletes', 'recovery', 'adaptation', 'nutritional strategies', hormesis'. RESULT:Supplementation with tart cherries, beetroot, pomegranate, creatine monohydrate and vitamin D appear to provide a prophylactic effect in reducing EIMD. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, and the ingestion of protein, BCAA and milk could represent promising strategies to manage EIMD. Other nutritional interventions were identified but offered limited effect in the treatment of EIMD; however, inconsistencies in the dose and frequency of interventions might account for the lack of consensus regarding their efficacy. CONCLUSION:There are clearly varying levels of evidence and practitioners should be mindful to refer to this evidence-base when prescribing to clients and athletes. One concern is the potential for these interventions to interfere with the exercise-recovery-adaptation continuum. Whilst there is no evidence that these interventions will blunt adaptation, it seems pragmatic to use a periodised approach to administering these strategies until data are in place to provide and evidence base on any interference effect on adaptation.

译文

目的:这篇综述提供了有关治疗与EIMD有关的体征和症状的营养策略的最新知识的概述。根据可获得的科学支持的质量和数量,将这些策略分为以下几节:(1)具有良好证据水平的干预措施; (2)有证据的干预措施,需要进一步研究; (3)缺乏营养支持的潜在营养干预措施。
方法:使用Pubmed,EMBASE,Scopus和Web of Science。搜索词“ EIMD”和“运动引起的肌肉损伤”分别与“补充”,“运动员”,“恢复”,“适应”,“营养策略”,“兴奋剂”串联在一起。
结果:补充酸樱桃,甜菜根,石榴,肌酸一水合物和维生素D似乎对降低EIMD具有预防作用。 β-羟基β-甲基丁酸酯以及蛋白质,BCAA和牛奶的摄入可能是管理EIMD的有前途的策略。确定了其他营养干预措施,但在EIMD的治疗中作用有限。但是,干预的剂量和频率不一致可能是导致对疗效缺乏共识的原因。
结论:证据水平明显不同,从业人员在开处方给客户和运动员时应注意参考该证据基础。人们担心的是这些干预措施可能会干扰运动恢复适应的连续性。尽管没有证据表明这些干预措施会钝化适应,但采用循序渐进的方法来管理这些策略似乎是切实可行的,直到有数据提供并基于对适应的任何干扰效应提供证据为止。

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