Cytostatic drugs have become one of the greatest environmental threats. They occur in surface, ground and even drinking water. Their key emission sources are hospital effluents, municipal wastewater, as well as drug manufacturers and their effluents. These compounds are extremely stable in natural waters and they are not significantly removed during wastewater treatment, because they are resistant to biodegradation. The aim of this work was to establish possible negative effects of chosen cytostatics: bleomycin and vincristine on the three trophic levels of surface waters. A single agent acute toxicity test was conducted on representatives of the producer - an aquatic freshwater plant Lemna minor, the consumer - crustaceans Daphnia magna, and the decomposer - bacteria Pseudomonas putida. Binary mixture tests were performed according to the Concentration Addition, Response Additivity, and Independent Action models. Both substances had a different effect on the tested organisms; bleomycin could be classified as a very toxic, while vincristine as a toxic water pollutant. Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values designed in the presented single agent acute toxicity studies are < 10 mg/L in all the tests with bleomycin as well as vincristine conducted on L. minor. In tests with vincristine performed on D. magna and P. putida EC50 > 100 mg/L. The highest toxicity is demonstrated by bleomycin towards the aquatic freshwater plant (EC50 = 0.2 mg/L). The binary mixture of the tested chemicals showed antagonistic effects of environmental concern.

译文

:抗静电药已成为最大的环境威胁之一。它们发生在地表,地面甚至饮用水中。它们的主要排放源是医院废水,市政废水以及药品生产商及其废水。这些化合物在天然水中非常稳定,并且在废水处理过程中没有明显除去,因为它们具有抗生物降解性。这项工作的目的是确定所选的抑菌剂:博来霉素和长春新碱对地表水的三个营养水平的可能的负面影响。对生产者的代表进行了单剂急性毒性测试,该代表是水生淡水植物小Lemna,消费者是甲壳类水蚤(Daphnia magna),分解剂是恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)。根据浓度添加,响应加性和独立作用模型进行了二元混合测试。两种物质对被测生物都有不同的影响。博来霉素可被分类为剧毒,长春新碱可作为剧毒水污染物。在所有针对博来霉素和长春新碱的未成年人乳酸杆菌试验中,提出的单药急性毒性研究中设计的最大有效浓度(EC50)的一半均小于10mg / L。在长春新碱和恶臭假单胞菌的长春新碱测试中,EC50> 100mg / L。博来霉素对水生淡水植物的毒性最高(EC50 = 0.2mg / L)。被测化学品的二元混合物表现出对环境的拮抗作用。

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