In psychiatric research, there is a growing interest in the microstructural and functional characteristics of brain networks, which often form the basis of current etiological concepts. As a result of novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques, the pathogenic characteristics of neuronal activity and connectivity can be examined in a noninvasive, safe, and repeatable manner. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) measures for identifying the gray matter contribution to cognition. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveals the course and structural integrity of white matter projections. Because DTI does not require special motivation and performance, group differences in psychiatry are more easily interpreted in terms of underlying pathology. To date few studies have tried to investigate both, i.e. dynamic and microstructural data in the sense of a modern multi-dimensional investigation approach. The combination of both techniques, however, seems to offer a promising vehicle to further extent our current understanding of mental disorders and to identify populations at risk. In addition to addressing findings in psychiatric research, the present article presents a technical overview of DTI and examines the limitations and potential applications of both techniques.

译文

在精神病学研究中,人们对大脑网络的微观结构和功能特征的兴趣日益浓厚,而大脑网络的微观结构和功能特征通常构成当前病因学概念的基础。作为新型磁共振成像技术的结果,可以以非侵入性,安全且可重复的方式检查神经元活动和连接性的致病特征。功能磁共振成像(fMRI)使用血液氧合水平依赖性(BOLD)措施来识别灰质对认知的贡献。扩散张量成像(DTI)揭示了白质投影的过程和结构完整性。由于DTI不需要特殊的动机和表现,因此根据潜在的病理学更容易解释精神病学方面的群体差异。迄今为止,很少有研究试图从现代多维研究方法的角度来研究动态和微观结构数据。然而,两种技术的结合似乎为进一步扩展我们目前对精神障碍的认识并确定处于危险中的人群提供了有希望的手段。除了解决精神病学研究的发现外,本文还介绍了DTI的技术概述,并研究了这两种技术的局限性和潜在应用。

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