BACKGROUND & AIMS:
:We used the Heaviness of Smoking Index, a subset of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, to classify 608 cigarette smokers planning a cessation attempt as low or high in nicotine dependence. Subjects within each level of dependence were then randomly assigned to placebo, 2-mg, or 4-mg nicotine gum treatment. Subjects were also provided brief (5-10 min per visit) behavioral counseling during a 1-year period of follow-up. At 1 year post-cessation, quit rates were 11.2, 19.5, and 18.4% for low-dependence smokers receiving placebo, 2-mg, and 4-mg gum, respectively (plinear trend = 0.20). For high-dependence smokers, quit rates at 1 year were 6.1, 15.7, and 20.7% for the placebo, 2-mg, and 4-mg gum conditions, respectively (plinear trend = 0.002). The interaction of nicotine-gum dose and dependence group was not significant (p = 0.42), nor did the 2-mg and 4-mg doses differ significantly in effectiveness, though both 2-mg and 4-mg gum were significantly more effective than placebo gum. We also found a significant dose-related effect for nicotine gum to moderate post-cessation heart-rate decline. Other variables related to abstinence at 1 year post-cessation were a longer period of abstinence on a prior quit attempt, being married, higher education level, and having a non-smoking spouse or significant other. Results indicate that nicotine gum is a significant aid to smoking cessation, more than doubling the odds of successful cessation compared to the odds for placebo-gum users. The 4-mg dose provided a non-significant increase in cessation rates for high-dependence smokers. Smoking history and demographic variables also have a significant impact on the outcome of a quit-smoking attempt.
背景与目标:
:我们使用烟瘾重度指数(法格斯特罗姆烟碱依赖性测试的一个子集)对计划戒烟尝试的608名吸烟者分类为低烟碱依赖性或高烟碱依赖性。然后将每个依赖性水平内的受试者随机分配给安慰剂,2 mg或4 mg尼古丁胶治疗。在一年的随访期内,还向受试者提供了简短的行为咨询(每次访问5-10分钟)。戒烟后1年,接受安慰剂,2 mg和4 mg牙龈的低依赖性吸烟者的戒烟率分别为11.2%,19.5%和18.4%(线性趋势= 0.20)。对于高依赖性吸烟者,安慰剂,2 mg和4 mg牙龈疾病在1年时的戒烟率分别为6.1、15.7和20.7%(线性趋势= 0.002)。尼古丁-口香糖剂量与依赖性组之间的相互作用不显着(p = 0.42),尽管2-mg和4-mg口香糖的疗效显着高于2-mg和4-mg口香糖,但两者的疗效也无显着差异。安慰剂胶。我们还发现尼古丁胶对中度戒烟后心率下降具有显着的剂量相关作用。与戒酒后1年的禁欲有关的其他变量包括戒烟前的戒酒时间较长,已婚,受过高等教育,配偶不吸烟或其他重要。结果表明,尼古丁口香糖是戒烟的重要辅助手段,与安慰剂口香糖使用者的戒烟几率相比,成功戒烟的几率要高出一倍以上。 4毫克剂量对高依赖性吸烟者的戒烟率没有显着增加。吸烟史和人口统计学变量也对尝试戒烟的结果产生重大影响。