BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death for men and women in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC). The nutrition transition to diets high in salt, fat and sugar and low in fruit and vegetables, in parallel with increasing prevalence of diet-related CVD risk factors in LMICs, identifies the need for urgent action to reverse this trend. To aid identification of the most effective interventions it is crucial to understand whether there are sex differences in dietary behaviours related to CVD risk. METHODS:From a dataset of 46 nationally representative surveys, we included data from seven countries that had recorded the same dietary behaviour measurements in adults; Bhutan, Eswatini, Georgia, Guyana, Kenya, Nepal and St Vincent and the Grenadines (2013-2017). Three dietary behaviours were investigated: positive salt use behaviour (SUB), meeting fruit and vegetable (F&V) recommendations and use of vegetable oil rather than animal fats in cooking. Generalized linear models were used to investigate the association between dietary behaviours and waist circumference (WC) and undiagnosed and diagnosed hypertension and diabetes. Interaction terms between sex and dietary behaviour were added to test for sex differences. RESULTS:Twenty-four thousand three hundred thirty-two participants were included. More females than males reported positive SUB (31.3 vs. 27.2% p-value < 0.001), yet less met F&V recommendations (13.2 vs. 14.8%, p-value< 0.05). The prevalence of reporting all three dietary behaviours in a positive manner was 2.7%, varying by country, but not sex. Poor SUB was associated with a higher prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension for females (13.1% vs. 9.9%, p-value = 0.04), and a higher prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes for males (2.4% vs. 1.5%, p-value = 0.02). Meeting F&V recommendations was associated with a higher prevalence of high WC (24.4% vs 22.6%, p-value = 0.01), but was not associated with undiagnosed or diagnosed hypertension or diabetes. CONCLUSION:Interventions to increase F&V intake and positive SUBs in the included countries are urgently needed. Dietary behaviours were not notably different between sexes. However, our findings were limited by the small proportion of the population reporting positive dietary behaviours, and further research is required to understand whether associations with CVD risk factors and interactions by sex would change as the prevalence of positive behaviours increases.

译文

背景:心血管疾病(CVD)是中低收入国家(LMIC)男女死亡的主要原因。营养向低盐,高脂肪和高糖,低水果和蔬菜的饮食过渡,同时在低收入和中低收入国家中饮食相关的CVD危险因素的患病率上升,这表明需要采取紧急措施来扭转这一趋势。为了帮助确定最有效的干预措施,至关重要的是要了解与CVD风险相关的饮食行为是否存在性别差异。
方法:从46个国家代表性调查的数据集中,我们纳入了七个国家的数据,这些国家记录了成年人的饮食行为测量值;不丹,埃斯瓦蒂尼,格鲁吉亚,圭亚那,肯尼亚,尼泊尔和圣文森特和格林纳丁斯(2013-2017)。调查了三种饮食行为:积极的食盐使用行为(SUB),符合水果和蔬菜(F&V)的建议以及在烹饪中使用植物油而非动物脂肪。使用广义线性模型研究饮食行为和腰围(WC)与未诊断和诊断的高血压和糖尿病之间的关联。性别与饮食行为之间的相互作用被添加到性别差异测试中。
结果:24,323位参与者被纳入研究。 SUB阳性的女性多于男性(31.3 vs. 27.2%p值<0.001),但满足F&V建议的人数较少(13.2 vs. 14.8%,p值<0.05)。以积极的方式报告这三种饮食行为的患病率为2.7%,因国家/地区而异,但没有性别差异。 SUB差与女性未确诊高血压的患病率较高(13.1%vs. 9.9%,p值= 0.04)以及男性未诊断糖尿病的患病率较高(2.4%vs. 1.5%,p值= 0.02)有关)。达到F&V建议与高WC患病率较高相关(24.4%比22.6%,p值= 0.01),但与未被诊断或诊断的高血压或糖尿病无关。
结论:迫切需要采取干预措施以增加所涉国家的F&V摄入量和阳性SUB。饮食行为在两性之间没有显着差异。但是,我们的研究结果受到少数饮食活动呈阳性的人群的限制,因此,需要进行进一步的研究以了解与CVD危险因素和性别相互作用的关联是否会随着积极行为的普及而改变。

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录