Pharmacological response depends on multiple factors and one of them is sex-gender. Data on the specific effects of sex-gender on pharmacokinetics, as well as the safety and efficacy of numerous medications, are beginning to emerge. Nevertheless, the recruitment of women for clinical research is inadequate, especially during the first phases. In general, pharmacokinetic differences between males and females are more numerous and consistent than disparities in pharmacodynamics. However, sex-gender pharmacodynamic differences are now increasingly being identified at the molecular level. It is now even becoming apparent that sex-gender influences pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics. Sex-related differences have been reported for several parameters, and it is consistently shown that women have a worse safety profile, with drug adverse reactions being more frequent and severe in women than in men. Overall, the pharmacological status of women is less well studied than that of men and deserves much more attention. The design of clinical and preclinical studies should have a sex-gender-based approach with the aim of tailoring therapies to an individual's needs and concerns.

译文

:药理反应取决于多种因素,其中之一是性别。有关性别对药代动力学的特定作用以及多种药物的安全性和有效性的数据开始出现。然而,招募女性从事临床研究是不够的,特别是在第一阶段。通常,雄性和雌性之间的药代动力学差异比药效学上的差异更为广泛和一致。但是,现在越来越多地在分子水平上发现性别药效差异。现在甚至变得很明显,性别会影响药物基因组学和药物遗传学。已经报道了几个参数的性别相关差异,并且始终表明,女性的安全性较差,与男性相比,女性的药物不良反应更为频繁和严重。总体而言,与男性相比,女性的药理状况研究较少,应引起更多关注。临床和临床前研究的设计应采用基于性别的方法,目的是根据个体的需要和关注量身定制疗法。

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