This review describes epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, treatment and prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents. As one of the leading causes of death of young adults, adolescent suicide has become a public health problem and an increase in the adolescent suicide rate has been observed over the past several decades. One important risk factor thought to contribute to the recent rise in suicidal behavior among young adults is increasing alcohol abuse among adolescents. The link between alcohol and suicide in adolescents is complicated and multiple risk factors are important in explaining and understanding suicidal behavior among adolescents. Comorbid psychopathology, which is common among adolescent alcohol abusers, substantially increases the risk for suicide behavior. Availability of alcohol and guns at home may also contribute to suicide risk in adolescents. Studies of stress hormones, brain neurotransmitters, hereditary factors, behavioral measures and gender differences shed light in understanding this complex phenomenon. Ideally, treatment of adolescents who receive a diagnosis of an alcohol use disorder and co-occurring suicidality should follow an integrated protocol that addresses both conditions. Future studies of psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of suicidality in adolescents with alcohol and/or substance abuse are merited.

译文

这篇综述描述了青少年自杀行为流行病学,病理生理学,危险因素,治疗和预防。作为年轻人死亡的主要原因之一,青少年自杀已成为公共卫生问题,并且在过去几十年中观察到青少年自杀率上升。被认为是导致年轻人自杀行为最近上升的一个重要危险因素是青少年酗酒增加。青少年酒精与自杀之间的联系很复杂,多种危险因素对于解释和理解青少年的自杀行为很重要。在青少年酗酒者中常见的合并症精神病理学大大增加了自杀行为的风险。家里有酒精和枪支也可能导致青少年自杀风险。对应激激素,脑神经递质,遗传因素,行为措施和性别差异的研究为理解这一复杂现象提供了启示。理想情况下,接受酒精使用障碍和同时发生自杀的诊断的青少年的治疗应遵循解决这两种情况的综合方案。值得对酗酒和/或滥用药物的青少年自杀的心理和神经生物学机制进行进一步研究。

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