Achieving efficient in vivo delivery of siRNA to the appropriate target cell would be a major advance in the use of RNAi in gene function studies and as a therapeutic modality. Hepatocytes, the key parenchymal cells of the liver, are a particularly attractive target cell type for siRNA delivery given their central role in several infectious and metabolic disorders. We have developed a vehicle for the delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo, which we have named siRNA Dynamic PolyConjugates. Key features of the Dynamic PolyConjugate technology include a membrane-active polymer, the ability to reversibly mask the activity of this polymer until it reaches the acidic environment of endosomes, and the ability to target this modified polymer and its siRNA cargo specifically to hepatocytes in vivo after simple, low-pressure i.v. injection. Using this delivery technology, we demonstrate effective knockdown of two endogenous genes in mouse liver: apolipoprotein B (apoB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (ppara). Knockdown of apoB resulted in clear phenotypic changes that included a significant reduction in serum cholesterol and increased fat accumulation in the liver, consistent with the known functions of apoB. Knockdown of ppara also resulted in a phenotype consistent with its known function, although with less penetrance than observed in apoB knockdown mice. Analyses of serum liver enzyme and cytokine levels in treated mice indicated that the siRNA Dynamic PolyConjugate was nontoxic and well tolerated.

译文

实现siRNA到适当的靶细胞的有效体内递送将是RNAi在基因功能研究和治疗方式中的重大进展。肝细胞是肝脏的主要实质细胞,是siRNA递送的特别有吸引力的靶细胞类型,因为它们在几种感染和代谢性疾病中起着核心作用。我们已经开发了一种用于在体外和体内将siRNA递送到肝细胞的载体,我们将其命名为siRNA动态多缀合物。动态聚缀合物技术的关键特征包括膜活性聚合物,可逆地掩盖这种聚合物的活性直到到达内体的酸性环境的能力,以及将这种修饰的聚合物及其siRNA货物专门靶向肝细胞的能力在体内简单,低压静脉注射。使用这种递送技术,我们证明了小鼠肝脏中两个内源性基因的有效敲除: 载脂蛋白B (apoB) 和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 α (ppara)。敲除apoB导致明显的表型变化,包括血清胆固醇显着降低和肝脏中脂肪堆积增加,这与apoB的已知功能一致。敲除ppara也导致与其已知功能一致的表型,尽管其外显率低于apoB敲除小鼠。对治疗小鼠的血清肝酶和细胞因子水平的分析表明,siRNA动态多缀合物无毒且耐受性良好。

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