The present study tests the potentiality of a novel microwave based regenerating permeable reactive barrier (MW-PRB) system as combined treatment for Cs-contaminated groundwater. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was selected as adsorptive materials in batch and column MW-regeneration experiments. Experimental and modeling data were elaborated for technical and economic considerations in order to assess the MW-PRB feasibility jointly with essential information regarding its real field applicability. Batch experiments investigated the effects of 10 adsorption-MW regeneration cycles under different MW irradiation conditions (applied electric field = 200-460 V m-1; irradiation times = 1-15 min) by assessing GAC variation properties in term of regeneration yield (δ), specific area and weight loss (WL) variation. Column tests were carried using a dedicated setup essentially including a column filled with GAC implanted in a MW oven cavity (MW electric field of 385 V m-1, irradiation times 5-15 min). Lab-scale results shown the ability of MW in Cs removal from GAC as demonstrated by regeneration yield (δ = 79-110%) and WL (6.78% for 10 cycles) values. This was confirmed in dynamic conditions by data from MW-column tests highlighting the highest Cs removal of ~80% when the maximum regeneration time was applied. Residual Cs concentration in breakthrough curves fitted well with the proposed Yoon and Nelson model (R2 = ~0.97). Results from techno-economic analysis revealed the MW-PRB viability and its advantages also in comparison with conventional PRB systems, demonstrating the concept of combined MW-PRB treatment. Saved cost obtained demonstrated in fact the potential cost effectiveness of MW-PRB system and, consequently, the implementation of novel approach is encouraged. Calculated PRB longevity vs groundwater velocity curves are useful in order to predict long-term PRB performance and the response of the remediation activities, as well as for guiding the design and the scaling-up of MW-PRB treatment.

译文

本研究测试了一种新型的基于微波的再生可渗透反应屏障 (mw-prb) 系统作为Cs污染地下水的联合处理的潜力。在批量和色谱柱MW再生实验中,选择颗粒活性炭 (GAC) 作为吸附材料。为了考虑技术和经济因素,详细制定了实验和建模数据,以评估mw-prb的可行性以及有关其实际现场适用性的基本信息。通过评估GAC在再生产率 (δ),比面积和重量损失 (WL) 变化方面的变化特性,分批实验研究了在不同MW辐照条件下 (施加电场 = 200-460 V m-1; 辐照时间 = 1-15 min) 10个吸附MW再生循环的影响。使用专用设置进行柱测试,该专用设置基本上包括填充有植入MW炉腔中的GAC的柱 (MW电场为385 V m-1,照射时间5-15分钟)。实验室规模的结果显示了MW从GAC去除Cs的能力,如再生产率 (δ = 79-110%) 和WL (6.78% 10个循环) 值所证明的。在动态条件下,通过MW柱测试的数据证实了这一点,当应用最大再生时间时,该数据突出了 ~ 80% 的最高Cs去除。穿透曲线中的残余Cs浓度与提出的Yoon和Nelson模型 (R2 = 〜0.97) 非常吻合。技术经济分析的结果揭示了mw-prb的可行性及其与常规PRB系统相比的优势,证明了mw-prb联合处理的概念。所获得的节省成本实际上证明了mw-prb系统的潜在成本效益,因此,鼓励采用新颖的方法。计算出的PRB寿命与地下水速度的关系曲线可用于预测PRB的长期性能和补救活动的响应,以及指导mw-prb处理的设计和扩大规模。

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