Despite significant progress in cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes and embryos, many ofthe molecular and biochemical events that underlie this technology are poorly understood. In recent years, researchers have focused on obtaining viable oocytes that are developmentally competent. Even under the most favourable conditions, experimental approaches have achieved only limited success compared with fresh oocytes used in routine in vitro embryo production. Chilling injuries and toxic effects of the cryoprotectants are the major adverse consequences following cryoprocedures. To overcome these problems, different strategies have been developed for improving cryopreservation results. These strategies include reducing container volumes, increasing the thermal gradient, changing the cell surface/volume ratio, enhancing cryotolerance by supplementation with various additives or modifying the lipid composition of the oocyte membrane. In order to develop new strategies for reducing the various forms of stress associated with oocyte cryopreservation, it is fundamental to gain a better understanding of the major changes responsible for poor post-thaw survival. With this knowledge, we hope that oocyte cryostorage will become a fully reliable reproductive technique in the near future.

译文

尽管在哺乳动物卵母细胞和胚胎的冷冻保存方面取得了重大进展,但该技术背后的许多分子和生化事件却知之甚少。近年来,研究人员专注于获得具有发育能力的活卵母细胞。即使在最有利的条件下,与常规体外胚胎生产中使用的新鲜卵母细胞相比,实验方法也仅取得了有限的成功。冷冻保护剂的冷害和毒性作用是冷冻程序后的主要不利后果。为了克服这些问题,已经开发了不同的策略来改善冷冻保存结果。这些策略包括减少容器体积,增加热梯度,改变细胞表面/体积比,通过补充各种添加剂或改变卵母细胞膜的脂质组成来增强低温耐热性。为了开发新的策略来减少与卵母细胞冷冻保存相关的各种形式的压力,至关重要的是要更好地了解导致解冻后生存不良的主要变化。有了这些知识,我们希望卵母细胞冷冻储存将在不久的将来成为一种完全可靠的生殖技术。

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