Phyto-psychopharmacological agents are extracts of plants with stimulating or calming effects on the central nervous system. Phyto-psycho-pharmacological agents are among the most commonly prescribed herbal medicines in Germany. The efficacy and harmlessness of some of the preparations have been established by high quality clinical trials. Between 1975 and 1992, a total of 34 clinical studies involving some 2326 patients were published on the effects of Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 and LI 1370; to date, 28 clinical trials in 2120 patients have been under-taken with alcoholic extracts of St. John's Wort. The therapeutic efficacy of kava and valerian extracts has been investigated in six and four controlled studies, respectively. In general, a high placebo effect is likely, which is why it is essential to include control groups in these studies. A considerable advantage over synthetic psychopharmacological agents is the low incidence of side effects, which in safety assessment studies is below 3%. The sharp increase in quality standards for clinical trials has meant that only a few preparations have undergone large scale testing programs in accordance with international guidelines. For other phyto-psychopharmacological agents, there is the danger that no further clinical trials will be undertaken due to the excessively high standards now demanded.

译文

植物心理药物是对中枢神经系统具有刺激或镇静作用的植物提取物。植物心理药物是德国最常用的草药之一。一些制剂的疗效和无害化已通过高质量的临床试验确定。在1975年至1992年之间,共发表了34项临床研究,涉及约2326名患者,涉及银杏特殊提取物EGb 761和LI 1370的影响; 迄今为止,已对2120名患者进行了28项临床试验,其中包括圣约翰草的酒精提取物。卡瓦和缬草提取物的治疗功效已分别在六个和四个对照研究中进行了研究。一般来说,安慰剂效应可能很高,这就是为什么在这些研究中包括对照组是必不可少的。与合成精神药物相比,相当大的优势是副作用的发生率低,在安全性评估研究中,副作用的发生率低于3%。临床试验质量标准的急剧提高意味着只有少数制剂按照国际指南进行了大规模的测试计划。对于其他植物心理药物,由于现在要求的标准过高,因此存在无法进行进一步临床试验的危险。

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