Allografts can be rejected as a result of major histocompatibility antigen disparity or as a result of differences at any of a number of minor histocompatibility antigens. In many cases, rejection due to multiple minor histoincompatibility is as difficult to control as that induced by major histoincompatibility. Although an understanding of the molecular, biochemical, and functional parameters of the major histocompatibility loci and their products is increasing at an exponential rate, little is known about these same facets of minor histocompatibility loci and their products. It is generally accepted that minor histocompatibility loci in the murine model have a degree of polymorphism similar to that of H-2K or H-2D. This conclusion was based on typing alleles by the classic F1-skin graft test. Based on these allelic assignments, numerous unexpected findings of CTL specificity were made. Therefore, a systematic analysis was made comparing CTL specificity, F1-complementation, and allograft rejection. Based on these three parameters, the data presented using strains of mice that were bred to, and therefore presumed to, differ only at H-3 indicate that the antigen disparity of these congenic strains and the parental B10 strain as defined by CTL specificity and skin graft rejection is much more complex than originally described. One especially interesting chromosomal region is H-3/beta 2-microglobulin in the fifth linkage group of chromosome 2. Using CTL, ten specificities are defined, three of which appear to be specific for beta 2-microglobulin-A, -B, and -C. These findings raise the question of whether any minor histocompatibility locus is polymorphic or is instead a composite of multiple minor H-loci which are masquerading as a single locus.

译文

同种异体移植物可以由于主要的组织相容性抗原差异或许多次要组织相容性抗原的差异而被排斥。在许多情况下,由于多个次要组织相容性引起的排斥与主要组织相容性引起的排斥一样难以控制。尽管对主要组织相容性基因座及其产物的分子,生化和功能参数的了解正在以指数速度增长,但对次要组织相容性基因座及其产物的这些相同方面知之甚少。人们普遍认为,鼠模型中的次要组织相容性基因座具有与H-2K或H-2D相似的多态性程度。该结论基于经典F1-skin移植试验对等位基因进行分型。基于这些等位基因分配,获得了许多意外的CTL特异性发现。因此,进行了比较CTL特异性,F1-complementation和同种异体移植排斥反应的系统分析。基于这三个参数,使用育成并且因此推测仅在H-3上有所不同的小鼠品系提供的数据表明,这些同系品系和亲本B10品系的抗原差异 (如由CTL特异性和皮肤移植物排斥定义) 比最初描述的要复杂得多。一个特别有趣的染色体区域是2号染色体第五连锁群中的H-3/β2-微球蛋白。使用CTL,定义了十种特异性,其中三种似乎对 β2-微球蛋白-a,-B和-C具有特异性。这些发现提出了一个问题,即任何次要组织相容性基因座是多态的,还是伪装成单个基因座的多个次要H基因座的复合物。

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