Vaccinating premature and low birthweight (LBW) infants according to chronological age has been found safe and effective. Although these infants are susceptible to infections, vaccinations are often delayed. We estimated vaccination coverage (VC) in preterm and LBW infants compared to term infants in a cohort study (2016 Israel birth cohort, n = 181,543) using the National Immunization Registry. Vaccinations included Hepatitis B, Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis-IPV-Haemophilus influenzae B, Oral Polio Bivalent, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal Conjugate, Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella and Hepatitis A. Inclusion criteria: (1) born in Israel; (2) having a unique identifier (allowing data matching); and (3) surviving to 24 months. VC at 24 months and timeliness of vaccine doses were evaluated according to infants' birthweight (BW) and gestational age (GA). Preterm infants (GA < 37 weeks) comprised 7.0% (n = 12,264); LBW infants (BW< 2500 g) were 7.7% (n = 13,950); BW was 1500-2499 g in 6.8%, 1000-1499 g in 0.6% and below 1000 g in 0.3%. Compared to normal birthweight (NBW) infants (BW≥2500 g), LBW infants showed delayed initiation of vaccinations. Odds ratio (OR) for delay: DTaP-IPV-Hib 1 OR = 1.26 [95%CI 1.19-1.33]; Rota 1, OR = 1.22 [95%CI 1.16-1.29]. Vaccination delay rates were higher among smaller new-borns (below 1000 g). At 24 months there was no significant difference regarding vaccination status. This national cohort VC analysis focused on preterm/LBW infants. Vaccinating preterm and LBW infants according to the recommended schedule induces protection against life-threatening infectious diseases. Vaccination initiation among LBW infants showed considerable delay. Health practitioners and parents should cooperate to improve timely vaccination initiation.

译文

已发现根据年龄对早产和低出生体重 (LBW) 婴儿进行疫苗接种是安全有效的。尽管这些婴儿容易感染,但疫苗接种往往会延迟。在一项队列研究 (2016以色列出生队列,n = 181,543) 中,我们使用国家预防接种登记处估算了早产和LBW婴儿与足月婴儿的疫苗接种覆盖率 (VC)。疫苗接种包括乙型肝炎,白喉-破伤风-无细胞百日咳-IPV-流感嗜血杆菌B,口服脊髓灰质炎二价,轮状病毒,肺炎球菌结合物,麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹-水痘和甲型肝炎。纳入标准 :( 1) 出生于以色列; (2) 具有唯一标识符 (允许数据匹配); (3) 存活到24个月。根据婴儿的出生体重 (BW) 和胎龄 (GA) 评估24个月时的VC和疫苗剂量的及时性。早产儿 (GA <37周) 包括7.0% (n = 12,264); 低出生体重儿 (BW< 2500g) 为7.7% (n = 13,950); 6.8% 体重1500-2499g,0.6% 1000-1499g,0.3% 低于1000g。与正常出生体重 (NBW) 婴儿 (bw ≥ 2500g) 相比,LBW婴儿显示延迟开始接种疫苗。延迟的优势比 (OR): DTaP-ipv-hib 1 OR = 1.26 [95% CI 1.19-1.33]; Rota 1,OR = 1.22 [95% CI 1.16-1.29]。较小的新生婴儿 (低于1000g) 的疫苗接种延迟率较高。在24个月时,疫苗接种状况没有显着差异。这项国家队列VC分析的重点是早产/LBW婴儿。根据推荐的时间表为早产儿和LBW婴儿接种疫苗可预防威胁生命的传染病。LBW婴儿的疫苗接种开始显示出相当大的延迟。卫生从业人员和父母应合作,以改善及时的疫苗接种。

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