The prefrontal cortex exerts a potent regulatory influence over subcortical systems that are involved in the regulation of affective states. In particular, the amygdala is a region that is known to play a prominent role in the expression of emotions, and this function is believed to be disrupted in affective disorders and drug abuse. In addition, dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex is believed to be a common element in many psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Using electrophysiological recordings in rodents, we examined the interactions of the prefrontal cortex with the amygdala. Our studies showed that these areas are strongly interdependent, with the prefrontal cortex showing conditioned responses that depend on amygdala inputs, and in turn exerting a potent attenuation of activity within the amygdala. In particular, the ability of the prefrontal cortex to modulate amygdala activity is likely to play an important role in our ability to cope with stressors. We propose that a dysfunction within the prefrontal cortex disrupts the ability of this region to effectively modulate the amygdala, leaving the organism susceptible to detrimental effects of stressors. This would appear to be a common underlying process that may leave the individual susceptible to drug abuse and to the onset or exacerbation of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression.

译文

前额叶皮层对参与情感状态调节的皮层下系统具有强大的调节作用。特别是,杏仁核是已知在情绪表达中起重要作用的区域,并且这种功能被认为在情感障碍和药物滥用中被破坏。此外,前额叶皮层功能障碍被认为是许多精神疾病 (例如精神分裂症) 的常见因素。使用啮齿动物的电生理记录,我们检查了前额叶皮层与杏仁核的相互作用。我们的研究表明,这些区域是紧密相互依存的,前额叶皮层显示出取决于杏仁核输入的条件性反应,进而在杏仁核内发挥有效的活性衰减。特别是,前额叶皮层调节杏仁核活动的能力可能在我们应对压力源的能力中起重要作用。我们建议,前额叶皮层内的功能障碍会破坏该区域有效调节杏仁核的能力,使生物体容易受到应激源的有害影响。这似乎是一个常见的潜在过程,可能使个人容易受到药物滥用以及精神疾病 (例如精神分裂症和抑郁症) 的发作或加重。

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