Instantaneous (discrete) and time-integrated (composed) samples were collected during a 19-week period in a watershed impacted by discontinuous discharges from local tanneries (Carpathians Mountains, Poland). Existence of the impoundment reservoir in this watershed allowed investigation of its role in chromium transport. In collected samples, dissolved and particulate chromium concentrations were measured to apportion both loads. This study has demonstrated that the impoundment reservoir retains not only particulate but also a dissolved form of chromium and its efficiency reaches 74-94 %. Sampling results proved that chromium contamination in the investigated river is variable and discontinuous. Discrete sampling can lead to an underestimation of chromium contamination level (up to 78 %), especially when illegal/unexpected discharges occur in the watershed. A discrete sampling regime also produces less reliable data for contaminant budget calculations, especially in sites where strong variability of contamination is anticipated, while at the output from reservoirs, the load can be reasonably estimated using this mode of sampling.

译文

在受当地制革厂 (波兰喀尔巴阡山脉) 不连续排放影响的分水岭中,在19周内收集了瞬时 (离散) 和时间积分 (合成) 样品。该流域中蓄水池的存在允许研究其在铬运输中的作用。在收集的样品中,测量了溶解和颗粒铬的浓度,以分摊两种负荷。这项研究表明,蓄水储层不仅保留了颗粒,而且保留了溶解形式的铬,其效率达到74-94%。采样结果证明,所调查河流中的铬污染是可变且不连续的。离散采样可能导致铬污染水平的低估 (高达78%),尤其是在分水岭中发生非法/意外排放时。离散的采样方式也会产生不太可靠的污染物预算计算数据,尤其是在预计污染会发生强烈变化的地点,而在水库的输出处,可以使用这种采样方式合理地估算负荷。

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