The skin as a barrier and immune organ is exposed to omnipresent environmental challenges such as irradiation or chemical and biologic hazards. Neuropeptides released from cutaneous nerves or skin and immune cells in response to noxious stimuli are mandatory for a fine-tuned regulation of cutaneous immune responses and tissue maintenance and repair. They initialize host immune responses, but are equally important for counter regulation of proinflammatory events. Interaction of the nervous and immune systems occurs both locally - at the level of neurogenic inflammation and immunocyte activation - and centrally - by controlling inflammatory pathways such as mononuclear activation or lymphocyte cytokine secretion. Consequently, a deregulated neurogenic immune control results in disease manifestation and frequently accompanies chronic development of cutaneous disorders. The current understanding, therapeutic options, and open questions of the role that neuropeptides such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, or others play in these events are discussed. Progress in this field will likely result in novel therapies for the management of diseases characterized by deregulated inflammation, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and neoplasm.

译文

皮肤作为屏障和免疫器官暴露于无所不在的环境挑战,如辐射或化学和生物危害。响应有害刺激从皮肤神经或皮肤和免疫细胞释放的神经肽对于微调皮肤免疫反应以及组织维护和修复是必不可少的。它们初始化宿主免疫反应,但对于反调节促炎事件同样重要。神经和免疫系统的相互作用通过控制炎症途径 (例如单核激活或淋巴细胞细胞因子分泌) 在局部发生-在神经源性炎症和免疫细胞激活水平上-在中枢发生。因此,放松的神经源性免疫控制会导致疾病表现,并经常伴随皮肤疾病的慢性发展。讨论了神经肽 (例如p物质,降钙素基因相关肽,血管活性肠肽/垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽,神经肽Y或其他) 在这些事件中的作用的当前理解,治疗选择和开放性问题。该领域的进展可能会导致新的疗法来管理以炎症,组织重塑,血管生成和肿瘤为特征的疾病。

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