INTRODUCTION:Ethics committees are a necessary resource to guarantee ethical integrity in human research; they must apply international standards in their ethical evaluation of research projects involving human subjects. OBJECTIVE:The ethics committees for human research of Colombia were characterized, and recommendations for strengthening them were formulated. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In 2003, 280 groups with research projects involving human subjects were selected from a list of research groups which form part of the science and technology network of Colciencias. (Colciencias is the Colombian national agency that promotes and funds science and technology.) Eighty percent (224) of the projects were associated with 40 institutions, consisting of universities, hospitals, and public or private research centers. Thirty of these institutions had at least one ethics committee for evaluating use of human subjects. A questionnaire was mailed to each of these Committees, requesting information concerning its their compostition, regulations, multidisciplinarity, plurality, representativity and independence. The World Health Organization's Operational Guidelines for Ethic Committees that Evaluate Biomedical Research (TDR/PRD/ETHICS/2000) was used as reference for the analysis. In 5 of the cities, supplemental information was obtained by direct discussions with members of the ethics committees. RESULTS:Twenty-six committees responded to the questionnaire. The results indicated that 47% of the committee members were physicians, but only 23% of the committees had representatives from the community. In 60% of the Committees, members were not independent from the organization in which it was based. Seventy percent had established operating procedures. Lack of national regulations and limited education in research ethics were mentioned as the main drawbacks in providing effective guidance. CONCLUSIONS:These observations led to the conclusion that national guidelines must be established for ethics committees that correspond to international standards. Committee members must be trained before accepting committee responsibilities. Finally, new committees must be created along with the improvement of the currently existing committees for reinforcing and promoting the importance of ethical integrity in research.