Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections in the UK, a statistic that is also reflected globally. There are three biovariants of C. trachomatis: trachoma (serotypes A-C) and two sexually transmitted pathovars; serotypes D-K and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma isolates and the sexually transmitted serotypes D-K are noninvasive, whereas the LGV strains are invasive, causing a disseminating infection of the local draining lymph nodes. Genome sequences are available for single isolates from the trachoma (serotype A) and sexually transmitted (serotype D) biotypes. We sequenced two isolates from the remaining biotype, LGV, a long-term laboratory passaged strain and the recent "epidemic" LGV isolate-causing proctitis. Although the genome of the LGV strain shows no additional genes that could account for the differences in disease outcome, we found evidence of functional gene loss and identified regions of heightened sequence variation that have previously been shown to be important sites for interstrain recombination. We have used new sequencing technologies to show that the recent clinical LGV isolate causing proctitis is unlikely to be a newly emerged strain but is most probably an old strain with relatively new clinical manifestations.

译文

沙眼衣原体是英国性传播感染的最常见原因,这一统计数字也在全球范围内得到反映。沙眼衣原体有三种生物变体: 沙眼 (血清型A-C) 和两种性传播的病原体; 血清型d-k和性病性淋巴肉芽肿 (LGV)。沙眼分离株和性传播血清型d-k是非侵入性的,而LGV菌株是侵入性的,导致局部引流淋巴结的传播感染。基因组序列可用于沙眼 (血清型A) 和性传播 (血清型D) 生物型的单个分离株。我们对其余生物型LGV (长期实验室传代菌株) 和最近引起的 “流行” LGV分离株引起直肠炎的两个分离株进行了测序。尽管LGV菌株的基因组没有显示出可以解释疾病结果差异的其他基因,但我们发现了功能基因缺失的证据,并确定了序列变异增强的区域,这些区域以前被证明是菌株间重组的重要位点。我们使用新的测序技术表明,最近引起直肠炎的临床LGV分离株不太可能是新出现的菌株,但很可能是具有相对新临床表现的旧菌株。

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