Oxytocin is considered a biological mechanism underlying stress-protective effects of positive social interactions. It is assumed to underlie the women-specific tend-and-befriend response to stress, although few studies have tested this assertion with female samples. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to test whether oxytocin enhances stress-protective effects of social support during stress in women, taking into account the moderating role of childhood adversity. The sample consisted of 180 female undergraduate students who had reported on experiences of childhood abuse and how often their mother used love withdrawal as an insensitive disciplinary strategy. Women participated in a virtual version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and were randomly assigned to receive 24 IU oxytocin or a placebo and to receive support or no support from a female friend (sub-groups N = 45). Results showed that oxytocin reduced heart rate variability during the TSST in participants who received support, possibly indicating that oxytocin increases attention and stimulates a challenge motivational state in the presence of a friend. In addition, we found that, in the presence of a friend, oxytocin reduced state anxiety levels and cortisol levels after the TSST, but only in women with higher levels of adverse childhood experiences. Our findings may indicate that oxytocin is a neurobiological means to attain and benefit from social support under stressful circumstances, which may be particularly adaptive for women with a history of adversity. Thus, oxytocin may function as motivator for affiliative disposition during stress exposure in women with a history of childhood adversity. Results should be replicated in clinical samples.

译文

催产素被认为是积极的社会互动的压力保护作用的生物学机制。尽管很少有研究用女性样本来检验这一主张,但人们认为这是女性对压力的特定倾向和友善反应的基础。因此,本研究的目的是考虑到儿童逆境的调节作用,测试催产素是否会增强女性在压力期间社会支持的压力保护作用。该样本由180名女大学生组成,他们报告了童年虐待的经历以及母亲多久使用一次爱情退出作为不敏感的纪律策略。女性参加了虚拟版本的Trier社会压力测试 (TSST),并被随机分配接受24 IU催产素或安慰剂,并接受女性朋友的支持或不支持 (亚组n   =   45)。结果显示,在接受支持的参与者中,催产素降低了TSST期间的心率变异性,这可能表明催产素在朋友在场的情况下会增加注意力并刺激挑战动机状态。此外,我们发现,在朋友在场的情况下,催产素降低了TSST后的状态焦虑水平和皮质醇水平,但仅在儿童时期不良经历水平较高的女性中。我们的发现可能表明,催产素是在压力环境下获得社会支持并从中受益的一种神经生物学手段,这对于有逆境史的女性可能特别适应。因此,催产素可能是具有童年逆境史的女性在压力暴露期间的从属倾向的动机。结果应在临床样本中重复。

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