Low-level environmental lead exposure during childhood is associated with poorer emotional/behavioural functioning in later childhood and adolescence. Scarce research has examined whether these apparent effects persist into adulthood. This study is the first to examine prospective associations between lead exposure across early childhood and several common adult mental health problems. Childhood data (including blood lead concentrations) and adult data (from mental health questionnaires and psychiatric interviews) were available for 210 participants (44% males, mean age=26.3 years) from the Port Pirie cohort study (1979-1982 birth cohort). Participants had a mean childhood (to 7 years) average blood lead concentration of 17.2μg/dL. Among females, childhood blood lead showed small significant positive associations with lifetime diagnoses of drug and alcohol abuse and social phobia, and with anxiety, somatic and antisocial personality problems. For example: for a 10μg/dL blood lead increase, females were 2.84 times (95% CI 1.10, 7.30) more likely to have an alcohol abuse diagnosis. However, adjustment for childhood covariates - particularly stimulation within the home environment - rendered these associations non-significant. No significant or sizeable unadjusted or adjusted associations were seen for males. The associations between early lead exposure and emotional/behavioural functioning in children might persist into adulthood, at least for females. However, it is unclear whether such results arise from residual confounding, or other mechanisms. Interventions that focus on improving the childhood home environment may have a long-term positive impact on adult mental health outcomes. However, more prospective research using large and representative samples is needed to substantiate these results.

译文

儿童时期低水平的环境铅暴露与儿童后期和青少年时期较差的情绪/行为功能有关。稀缺的研究已经检查了这些明显的影响是否会持续到成年。这项研究是第一个研究儿童早期铅暴露与几种常见成人精神卫生问题之间的前瞻性关联的研究。来自Port Pirie队列研究 (1979-1982出生队列) 的210名参与者 (44% 名男性,平均年龄 = 26.3岁) 可获得儿童数据 (包括血铅浓度) 和成人数据 (来自精神卫生问卷和精神病学访谈)。参与者的平均儿童期 (至7岁) 平均血铅浓度为17.2 μ g/dL。在女性中,儿童时期的血铅与终生对药物,酒精滥用和社交恐惧症的诊断以及焦虑,躯体和反社会人格问题的显着正相关。例如: 对于10 μ g/dL的血铅增加,女性更有可能被诊断为酒精滥用的2.84倍 (95% CI 1.10,7.30)。但是,对儿童期协变量的调整 (尤其是家庭环境中的刺激) 使这些关联不重要。男性没有发现明显或相当大的未经调整或调整的关联。儿童早期铅暴露与情绪/行为功能之间的关联可能会持续到成年,至少对于女性而言。但是,尚不清楚这些结果是由残留的混杂还是其他机制引起的。侧重于改善儿童家庭环境的干预措施可能会对成人精神卫生结果产生长期的积极影响。但是,需要使用大型且具有代表性的样本进行更多的前瞻性研究来证实这些结果。

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