While it is increasingly being recognized that biotic ligand models (BLMs) are valuable in the risk assessment of metals in aquatic systems, the development of chronic BLMs has been less advanced for lead than for other metals. The authors investigated the univariate effects of Ca and pH on the chronic reproductive toxicity of Pb to Ceriodaphnia dubia at 4 levels. Calcium influenced chronic Pb toxicity to C. dubia only to a relatively small extent, whereas a high pH (8.2) provided strong protection against Pb toxicity (compared with lower pH levels). Based on this data set, a chronic Pb BLM for C. dubia was developed. The effect of pH was modeled as a single biotic ligand site competition by H(+) with a log stability constant for binding of H(+) to the biotic ligand (K(HBL)) of 7.6, while no other competitive constants were needed. The developed BLM was shown, in an independent validation with 3 other data sets, to be capable of predicting chronic Pb toxicity to different clones of C. dubia by an error of less than a factor of 2 in most synthetic and natural waters considered. The results add to the growing evidence that BLM-based risk assessment or water-quality criteria for Pb are likely to be more appropriate relative to hardness-based assessments or criteria.

译文

尽管人们越来越认识到生物配体模型 (blm) 在水生系统中金属的风险评估中有价值,但铅的慢性blm的发展不如其他金属先进。作者在4个水平上研究了Ca和pH对Pb对杜氏丝虫的慢性生殖毒性的单变量影响。钙仅在相对较小的程度上影响了对杜比菌的慢性Pb毒性,而高pH (8.2) 提供了对Pb毒性的强大保护 (与较低的pH水平相比)。基于此数据集,开发了用于杜比杜比的慢性Pb BLM。pH的作用被建模为H(+) 与7.6的生物配体 (K(HBL)) 结合的对数稳定性常数,通过H(+) 作为单个生物配体位点竞争,而不需要其他竞争常数。在与其他3个数据集的独立验证中,已显示出开发的BLM能够预测大多数合成和天然水中对dubia的不同克隆的慢性Pb毒性,其误差小于2倍。结果增加了越来越多的证据,表明基于BLM的风险评估或Pb的水质标准相对于基于硬度的评估或标准可能更合适。

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