Metals are essential elements for human life but may cause disorders when exposure is excessive. Previously, we reported on the acute toxicity of 50 metals; however, the chronic toxicity data of some metals are not available. Therefore, we conducted chronic toxicity tests to determine the effects of 50 metals on the water flea, Ceriodaphnia dubia. The IC20 of 20 metals (Be, Sc, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Ru, Ag, Cd, In, Te, W, Os, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl and Pb) were <100 μg/L; nine metals (Al, V, As, Se, Zr, Nb, Rh, Sb and Bi) were 100 ≤ IC20 < 1000 μg/L; 16 metals (Li, Mg, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sn, Cs, Ba, Re and Ir) were 1000 ≤ IC20 ≤ 100 000 μg/L; and two metals (Na and Ca) were >100 000 μg/L. Three metals (Pd, Hf and Ta) did not show IC20 at the upper limit of respective aqueous solubility, and IC20 s were not obtained. The maximum test concentrations (almost aqueous solubility) of Pd, Hf and Ta were 83, 2400 and 5.3 μg/L, respectively. These data show the high correlation between our IC50 s for C. dubia and those for Dahpnia magna published previously. The IC50 s of 47 metals were not correlated with electronegativity, first ionization energy, atomic weight, atomic number, covalent radius, atomic radius or ionic radius.

译文

金属是人类生命必不可少的元素,但当暴露过度时可能会导致疾病。以前,我们报道了50种金属的急性毒性; 但是,某些金属的慢性毒性数据不可用。因此,我们进行了慢性毒性测试,以确定50种金属对水蚤,小花杜比的影响。20种金属 (Be,Sc,Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Y,Ru,Ag,Cd,In,Te,W,Os,Pt,Au,Hg,Tl和Pb) 的IC20 <100 μ g/L; 9种金属 (Al,V,as,Se,Zr,Nb,Rh,Sb和Bi) 100 ≤ IC20 < 1000 μ g/L; 16种金属 (Li,Mg,K,Ti,Mn,Fe,Ga,Ge,Rb,Sr,Mo,Sn,Cs,Ba,re和Ir) 1000 ≤ IC20 ≤ 100 000 μ g/L; 两种金属 (Na和Ca)> 100 000 μ g/L。三种金属 (Pd,Hf和Ta) 在各自的水溶性上限未显示IC20,并且未获得IC20。Pd、Hf和Ta的最大测试浓度 (几乎水溶性) 分别为83、2400和5.3 μ g/L。这些数据显示了我们对杜氏杜氏菌的IC50与先前发表的Dahpnia magna的IC50之间的高度相关性。47种金属的IC50与电负性,第一电离能,原子量,原子序数,共价半径,原子半径或离子半径无关。

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