Recent studies have found that three divergent lineages of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum may co-occur within a single soil sample. To test how inference of population structure is affected by species concept, potential recombination in this putative asexual fungus was analyzed by sequencing 10 loci from 44 isolates from within one main lineage that is potentially sub-divisible into two phylogenetic species (A and B). Phylogenetic incongruence between these loci and recombination analyses using six different methods was consistent with recombination. However, most of the incongruence was caused by an apparently reciprocal recombination event between the actin locus and the other loci studied. Extreme divergence between the two types of actin loci suggests either an ancient recombination event or a more recent horizontal inheritance. We also found that random mating could not be rejected when A and B isolates were treated as members of a single species based on multilocus disequilibrium analyses, whereas random mating was rejected when all isolates were pooled. These results are significant and demonstrate that inferences of population structure can be confounded when isolates are pooled together based entirely on a morphological species concept.

译文

:最近的研究发现,在单个土壤样品中可能会同时存在三种外生菌根真菌Ceococcum geophilum的不同谱系。为了测试种群结构的推断如何受到物种概念的影响,通过对来自一个主要谱系中44个分离株的10个基因座进行测序,分析了该推定无性真菌中的潜在重组,该潜在株可能被细分为两个系统发育物种(A和B)。这些位点与使用六种不同方法进行的重组分析之间的系统发育不一致与重组是一致的。但是,大多数不一致之处是由肌动蛋白基因座和其他研究基因座之间的显然是相互的重组事件引起的。两种类型的肌动蛋白基因座之间的极端分歧暗示了古老的重组事件或更近的水平遗传。我们还发现,基于多基因座不平衡分析,当将A和B分离株视为单个物种的成员时,不能拒绝随机交配,而将所有分离株合并时,则拒绝随机交配。这些结果是有意义的,证明了当完全基于形态物种概念将分离株汇集在一起​​时,种群结构的推论可能会混淆。

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