The large dielectric constant and small effective mass in a semiconductor allows a description of its electronic states in terms of envelope wavefunctions whose energy, time, and length scales are mesoscopic, i.e., halfway between those of atomic and those of condensed matter systems. This property makes it possible to demonstrate and investigate many quantum mechanical, many-body, and quantum kinetic phenomena with tabletop experiments that would be nearly impossible in other systems. This, along with the ability to custom-design semiconductor nanostructures, makes semiconductors an ideal laboratory for experimental investigations. We present an overview of some of the most exciting results obtained in semiconductors in recent years using the technique of ultrafast nonlinear optical spectrocopy. These results show that Coulomb correlation plays a major role in semiconductors and makes them behave more like a strongly interacting system than like an atomic system. The results provide insights into the physics of strongly interacting systems that are relevant to other condensed matter systems, but not easily accessible in other materials.

译文

半导体中的大介电常数和小的有效质量可以用包络波函数描述其电子状态,包络波函数的能量,时间和长度尺度是介观的,即介于原子和凝聚态系统之间。这种特性使通过桌面实验来证明和研究许多量子力学,多体和量子动力学现象成为可能,而在其他系统中这几乎是不可能的。加上定制设计半导体纳米结构的能力,使得半导体成为进行实验研究的理想实验室。我们概述了近年来使用超快速非线性光学光谱技术在半导体领域获得的最令人兴奋的结果。这些结果表明,库仑相关性在半导体中起主要作用,并使它们的行为更像是一个强相互作用的系统,而不是原子系统。结果提供了对与其他凝聚态系统相关但在其他材料中不易访问的强相互作用系统的物理学的见解。

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