Boreal forests are an important source of timber and pulp wood, but provide also other products and services. Utilizing a simulation program and field data from a tree retention experiment in a Scots pine forest in central Sweden, we simulated the consequences during the following 100 years of various levels of retention on production of merchantable wood, dead wood input (as a proxy for biodiversity), and carbon stock changes. At the stand level, wood production decreased with increased retention levels, while dead wood input and carbon stock increased. We also compared 12 scenarios representing a land sharing/land sparing gradient. In each scenario, a constant volume of wood was harvested with a specific level of retention in a 100-ha landscape. The area not needed to reach the defined volume was set-aside during a 100-year rotation period, leading to decreasing area of set-asides with increasing level of retention across the 12 scenarios. Dead wood input was positively affected by the level of tree retention whereas the average carbon stock decreased slightly with increasing level of tree retention. The scenarios will probably vary in how they favor species preferring different substrates. Therefore, we conclude that a larger variation of landscape-level conservation strategies, also including active creation of dead wood, may be an attractive complement to the existing management.

译文

:北方森林是木材和纸浆木材的重要来源,但也提供其他产品和服务。利用模拟程序和来自瑞典中部苏格兰松树林的树木保留实验的现场数据,我们模拟了在接下来的100年中,不同保留水平对可买卖木材,死木投入物(作为生物多样性的替代品)生产的后果),以及碳库的变化。在展位水平上,木材产量随着保留水平的提高而下降,而死木投入和碳储量却增加了。我们还比较了代表土地共享/土地节约梯度的12个方案。在每种情况下,均会在100公顷的景观中采伐恒定体积的木材,并保留特定的水平。在100年的轮换期内,预留了不需要达到定义体积的区域,这导致在12种方案中保留空间的增加,保留空间的增加。树木固持水平对死木投入量产生了积极影响,而平均碳储量随树木固持水平的提高而略有下降。这些方案可能会在它们如何偏爱具有不同底物的物种方面有所不同。因此,我们得出结论,景观级保护策略的更大变化,包括积极创建枯木,可能是对现有管理的一种有吸引力的补充。

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