The incidence of hearing impairment (HI) is higher in low- and middle-income countries when compared to high-income countries. There is therefore a necessity to estimate the burden of this condition in developing world. The aim of our study was to use a systematic approach to provide summarized data on the prevalence, etiologies, clinical patterns and genetics of HI in Cameroon. We searched PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online, AFROLIB and African Index Medicus to identify relevant studies on HI in Cameroon, published from inception to 31 October, 2019, with no language restrictions. Reference lists of included studies were also scrutinized, and data were summarized narratively. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019142788. We screened 333 records, of which 17 studies were finally included in the review. The prevalence of HI in Cameroon ranges from 0.9% to 3.6% in population-based studies and increases with age. Environmental factors contribute to 52.6% to 62.2% of HI cases, with meningitis, impacted wax and age-related disorder being the most common ones. Hereditary HI comprises 0.8% to 14.8% of all cases. In 32.6% to 37% of HI cases, the origin remains unknown. Non-syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) is the most frequent clinical entity and accounts for 86.1% to 92.5% of cases of HI of genetic origin. Waardenburg and Usher syndromes account for 50% to 57.14% and 8.9% to 42.9% of genetic syndromic cases, respectively. No pathogenic mutation was described in GJB6 gene, and the prevalence of pathogenic mutations in GJB2 gene ranged from 0% to 0.5%. The prevalence of pathogenic mutations in other known NSHI genes was <10% in Cameroonian probands. Environmental factors are the leading etiology of HI in Cameroon, and mutations in most important HI genes are infrequent in Cameroon. Whole genome sequencing therefore appears as the most effective way to identify variants associated with HI in Cameroon and sub-Saharan Africa in general.

译文

:与高收入国家相比,低收入和中等收入国家的听力障碍(HI)发生率更高。因此,有必要估计发展中国家的这种状况的负担。我们研究的目的是使用一种系统的方法来提供关于喀麦隆HI的患病率,病因,临床模式和遗传学的汇总数据。我们搜索了PubMed,Scopus,Afrolis Online Online,AFROLIB和African Index Medicus,以查找有关喀麦隆HI的相关研究,该研究从成立到2019年10月31日均已发布,没有语言限制。还仔细研究了纳入研究的参考文献清单,并对数据进行了叙述性总结。该研究已在PROSPERO注册,编号为CRD42019142788。我们筛选了333条记录,其中17项研究最终纳入了评价。在基于人群的研究中,喀麦隆的HI患病率从0.9%到3.6%不等,并且随着年龄的增长而增加。在HI病例中,环境因素占52.6%至62.2%,其中最常见的是脑膜炎,受影响的蜡和与年龄相关的疾病。遗传性HI占所有病例的0.8%至14.8%。在32.6%至37%的HI病例中,起源仍然未知。非综合征性听力障碍(NSHI)是最常见的临床实体,占遗传起源的HI病例的86.1%至92.5%。 Waardenburg和Usher综合征分别占遗传综合征病例的50%至57.14%和8.9%至42.9%。 GJB6基因中未发现致病突变,GJB2基因中致病突变的发生率在0%至0.5%之间。在喀麦隆先证者中,其他已知NSHI基因的致病性突变患病率还不到10%。环境因素是喀麦隆HI的主要病因,在喀麦隆,最重要的HI基因突变很少见。因此,在喀麦隆和整个撒哈拉以南非洲地区,全基因组测序似乎是鉴定与HI相关的变异体的最有效方法。

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