Whisker touch is an active sensory system. Previous studies in Pinnipeds have adopted relatively stationary tasks to judge tactile sensitivity, which may not accurately promote natural whisker movements and behaviours. This study developed a novel feeding task, termed fish sweeping to encourage whisker movements. Head and whisker movements were tracked from video footage in Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). All species oriented their head towards the moving fish target and moved their whiskers during the task. Some species also engaged in whisker control behaviours, including head-turning asymmetry in the Pacific walrus, and contact-induced asymmetry in the Pacific walrus and California sea lion: behaviours that have only previously been observed in terrestrial mammals. This study confirms that Pinnipeds should be thought of as whisker specialists, and that whisker control (movement and positioning) is an important aspect of touch sensing in these animals, especially in sea lions and walruses. That the California sea lion controls whisker movement in relation to an object, and also had large values of whisker amplitude, spread and asymmetry, suggests that California sea lions are a promising model with which to further explore active touch sensing.

译文

:Whisker touch是一个主动的感觉系统。先前在Pinnipeds进行的研究已经采用相对固定的任务来判断触觉敏感性,这可能无法准确地促进自然的晶须运动和行为。这项研究提出了一种新颖的喂养任务,称为扫鱼以鼓励晶须运动。从海豹(Phoca vitulina),加利福尼亚海狮(Zalophus californianus)和太平洋海象(Odobenus rosmarus divergens)的录像中跟踪头部和晶须的运动。在执行任务期间,所有物种的头都朝向移动的鱼目标,并移动了其胡须。一些物种还参与晶须控制行为,包括太平洋海象中的转头不对称性,以及太平洋海象和加利福尼亚海狮中的接触性不对称性:以前仅在陆生哺乳动物中观察到过这种行为。这项研究证实,应将Pinnipeds视为晶须专家,并且晶须控制(运动和定位)是这些动物(尤其是海狮和海象)触摸感应的重要方面。加州海狮控制着相对于物体的晶须运动,并且晶须振幅,传播和不对称性值也很大,这表明加州海狮是一个有前途的模型,可以用来进一步探索主动式触摸感应。

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