Bronchiolitis is a distressing, potentially life-threatening respiratory condition that affects young babies. Around 2-3% of all infants younger than 1 year are admitted to hospital with bronchiolitis, usually during the seasonal epidemic. The majority of these infants are infected with respiratory syncytial virus and all have an intense inflammatory response in their airways. Although most infants recover, they have an increased risk of recurrent wheezing. Although bronchiolitis is common, little is known about what causes infants to be susceptible. Diagnostic interventions have little effect on clinical outcome, and apart from supportive measures, there is no specific treatment. Bronchiolitis therefore presents an intriguing clinical conundrum and a major challenge to researchers. High quality clinical studies are needed to clarify assessment of disease severity and criteria for hospital admission, particularly the use of pulse oximetry and chest radiography. Careful mapping of the inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis should lead to development of new therapies to alleviate symptoms.

译文

毛细支气管炎是一种令人痛苦的,可能威胁生命的呼吸道疾病,会影响年幼的婴儿。通常在季节性流行期间,约有2-3%的1岁以下婴儿入院患有毛细支气管炎。这些婴儿中的大多数感染了呼吸道合胞病毒,并且它们的呼吸道均具有强烈的炎症反应。尽管大多数婴儿都能康复,但他们反复发作喘息的风险增加。尽管毛细支气管炎很常见,但对导致婴儿易感的原因知之甚少。诊断干预措施对临床结果影响不大,除支持性措施外,尚无特异性治疗方法。因此,毛细支气管炎给临床研究人员带来了有趣的难题和重大挑战。需要高质量的临床研究来阐明疾病严重程度和入院标准的评估,尤其是脉搏血氧饱和度和胸部X线摄片的使用。在细支气管炎发病机理中仔细绘制炎症途径的图谱应导致开发新的缓解症状的疗法。

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