Bronchiolitis is a common cause of wheezing among infants. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common infectious agent to cause bronchiolitis, and RSV infection accounts for more than 125,000 hospitalizations per year in the United States. Beyond supportive measures, the care of infants with bronchiolitis remains controversial. Practitioners continue to treat infants with a variety of pharmacologic agents, despite limited evidence of their efficacy. Investigators continue to search for the safest and most cost-effective methods to treat infants with bronchiolitis, not only to overcome obstructive symptoms during the acute illness, but also to prevent recurrent symptoms of airway obstruction that occur in some children for years after their initial episode of bronchiolitis. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of RSV infection and of virus-host interactions may one day lead to the development of agents that alter the initial inflammatory response and strategies that help prevent recurrent episodes of wheezing and the development of asthma after acute bronchiolitis.

译文

毛细支气管炎是婴儿气喘的常见原因。呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是引起毛细支气管炎的最常见传染原,在美国,RSV感染每年导致超过125,000例住院治疗。除支持措施外,毛细支气管炎婴儿的护理仍存在争议。尽管有有限的证据表明,从业人员继续用各种药物治疗婴儿。研究人员一直在寻找最安全,最具成本效益的方法来治疗毛细支气管炎的婴儿,不仅可以克服急性疾病期间的阻塞性症状,而且还可以预防某些儿童在初发后的数年中反复出现的气道阻塞症状毛细支气管炎。对RSV感染的发病机理和病毒-宿主相互作用的加深了解可能有一天会导致改变初始炎症反应的药物和有助于预防急性细支气管炎后反复发作的喘息和哮喘发展的策略的开发。

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