Despite their predominance in the nervous system, the precise ways in which glial cells develop and contribute to overall neural function remain poorly defined in any organism. Investigations in simple model organisms have identified remarkable morphological, molecular, and functional similarities between invertebrate and vertebrate glial subtypes. Invertebrates like Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans offer an abundance of tools for in vivo genetic manipulation of single cells or whole populations of glia, ease of access to neural tissues throughout development, and the opportunity for forward genetic analysis of fundamental aspects of glial cell biology. These features suggest that invertebrate model systems have high potential for vastly improving the understanding of glial biology. This review highlights recent work in Drosophila and other invertebrates that reveal new insights into basic mechanisms involved in glial development.

译文

尽管神经胶质细胞在神经系统中占主导地位,但在任何生物体中神经胶质细胞发育并有助于整体神经功能的确切方式仍知之甚少。对简单模型生物的研究已经确定了无脊椎动物和脊椎动物神经胶质亚型之间的显着形态,分子和功能相似性。果蝇和秀丽隐杆线虫等无脊椎动物为单细胞或整个胶质细胞的体内遗传操作提供了丰富的工具,在整个发育过程中都易于进入神经组织,并且为神经胶质细胞生物学基本方面的正向遗传分析提供了机会。这些特征表明,无脊椎动物模型系统具有极大地提高对神经胶质生物学的理解的潜力。这篇综述重点介绍了果蝇和其他无脊椎动物的最新工作,这些工作揭示了对神经胶质发育涉及的基本机制的新见解。

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