Microbes, similar to plants and animals, exhibit biogeographic patterns. However, in contrast with the considerable knowledge on the island biogeography of higher organisms, we know little about the distribution of microorganisms within and among islands. Here, we explored insular soil bacterial and fungal biogeography and underlying mechanisms, using soil microbiota from a group of land-bridge islands as a model system. Similar to island species-area relationships observed for many macroorganisms, both island-scale bacterial and fungal diversity increased with island area; neither diversity, however, was affected by island isolation. By contrast, bacterial and fungal communities exhibited strikingly different assembly patterns within islands. The loss of bacterial diversity on smaller islands was driven primarily by the systematic decline of diversity within samples, whereas the loss of fungal diversity on smaller islands was driven primarily by the homogenization of community composition among samples. Lower soil moisture limited within-sample bacterial diversity, whereas smaller spatial distances among samples restricted among-sample fungal diversity, on smaller islands. These results indicate that among-island differences in habitat quality generate the bacterial island species-area relationship, whereas within-island dispersal limitation generates the fungal island species-area relationship. Together, our study suggests that different mechanisms underlie similar island biogeography patterns of soil bacteria and fungi.

译文

:与植物和动物相似的微生物表现出生物地理特征。但是,与对高等生物的岛屿生物地理学的广泛了解相反,我们对岛屿内部和岛屿之间的微生物分布知之甚少。在这里,我们使用来自一组陆桥岛的土壤微生物群作为模型系统,探索了岛状土壤细菌和真菌的生物地理学及其潜在机制。与观察到的许多大型生物的岛屿物种-面积关系相似,岛屿规模的细菌和真菌多样性均随岛屿面积的增加而增加。但是,这两种多样性都没有受到岛屿隔离的影响。相比之下,细菌和真菌群落在岛内表现出截然不同的组装模式。小岛上细菌多样性的丧失主要是由样本内物种多样性的系统性下降引起的,而小岛上真菌多样性的丧失则主要是由于样品中群落组成的均质化引起的。较低的土壤湿度限制了样品内部细菌的多样性,而在较小的岛屿上,样品之间较小的空间距离限制了样品之间的真菌多样性。这些结果表明,岛屿间生境质量的差异产生了细菌岛种与面积的关系,而岛屿内的扩散限制产生了真菌岛种与面积的关系。总之,我们的研究表明,不同的机制是土壤细菌和真菌的类似岛屿生物地理模式的基础。

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