Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are submarine springs where nutrient-rich fluids emanate from the sea floor. Vent and seep ecosystems occur in a variety of geological settings throughout the global ocean and support food webs based on chemoautotrophic primary production. Most vent and seep invertebrates arrive at suitable habitats as larvae dispersed by deep-ocean currents. The recent evolution of many vent and seep invertebrate species (<100 million years ago) suggests that Cenozoic tectonic history and oceanic circulation patterns have been important in defining contemporary biogeographic patterns.

译文

深海热液喷口和冷渗漏是海底温泉,海底散发出营养丰富的流体。通风和渗漏的生态系统遍布全球海洋的各种地质​​环境中,并基于化学自养初级生产来支持食物网。大多数发泄和渗入的无脊椎动物以幼虫被深海洋流分散而到达合适的栖息地。许多发泄和渗入无脊椎动物的近代进化(<1亿年前)表明,新生代的构造历史和海洋环流模式对于定义当代生物地理模式非常重要。

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