Background and Aims:The breadfruit genus ( Artocarpus , Moraceae) includes valuable underutilized fruit tree crops with a centre of diversity in Southeast Asia. It belongs to the monophyletic tribe Artocarpeae, whose only other members include two small neotropical genera. This study aimed to reconstruct the phylogeny, estimate divergence dates and infer ancestral ranges of Artocarpeae, especially Artocarpus , to better understand spatial and temporal evolutionary relationships and dispersal patterns in a geologically complex region. Methods:To investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of Artocarpeae, this study used Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to analyze DNA sequences from six plastid and two nuclear regions from 75% of Artocarpus species, both neotropical Artocarpeae genera, and members of all other Moraceae tribes. Six fossil-based calibrations within the Moraceae family were used to infer divergence times. Ancestral areas and estimated dispersal events were also inferred. Key Results:Artocarpeae, Artocarpus and four monophyletic Artocarpus subgenera were well supported. A late Cretaceous origin of the Artocarpeae tribe in the Americas is inferred, followed by Eocene radiation of Artocarpus in Asia, with the greatest diversification occurring during the Miocene. Borneo is reconstructed as the ancestral range of Artocarpus , with dozens of independent in situ diversification events inferred there, as well as dispersal events to other regions of Southeast Asia. Dispersal pathways of Artocarpus and its ancestors are proposed. Conclusions:Borneo was central in the diversification of the genus Artocarpus and probably served as the centre from which species dispersed and diversified in several directions. The greatest amount of diversification is inferred to have occurred during the Miocene, when sea levels fluctuated and land connections frequently existed between Borneo, mainland Asia, Sumatra and Java. Many species found in these areas have extant overlapping ranges, suggesting that sympatric speciation may have occurred. By contrast, Artocarpus diversity east of Borneo (where many of the islands have no historical connections to the landmasses of the Sunda and Sahul shelves) is unique and probably the product of over water long-distance dispersal events and subsequent diversification in allopatry. This work represents the most comprehensive Artocarpus phylogeny and biogeography study to date and supports Borneo as an evolutionary biodiversity hotspot.

译文

背景和目的:面包果属(面包果,桑科)包括有价值的未充分利用的果树作物,其在东南亚具有多样性的中心。它属于单亲部落Artocarpeae,其唯一的其他成员包括两个小的新热带属。这项研究旨在重建系统的系统发育,估计面包果,特别是面包果的发散日期和推断祖先范围,以更好地了解地质复杂区域中的时空演化关系和扩散模式。
方法:为了研究面包car的系统发育和生物地理学,本研究使用贝叶斯和最大似然方法分析了7%的面包果物种的6个质体和2个核区域的DNA序列,这两个都是新热带的腕足动物属以及所有其他桑科部落的成员。桑科中的六种基于化石的标定用于推断发散时间。还推断出祖先区域和估计的传播事件。
关键结果:面包果,面包果和四个单生的面包果亚属得到了良好的支持。据推测,美洲白垩纪部落起源于白垩纪晚期,其次是亚洲的面包果始新世辐射,在中新世发生的变化最大。婆罗洲被重建为面包果的祖传范围,在那里推断出数十个独立的原位多样化事件,以及向东南亚其他地区的传播事件。提出了面包果及其祖先的传播途径。
结论:婆罗洲(Borneo)在面包果(Artocarpus)种类的多样化中处于中心地位,并且可能是物种在多个方向上分散和多样化的中心。推测最大程度的多样化发生在中新世时期,当时海平面波动,婆罗洲,亚洲大陆,苏门答腊和爪哇岛之间经常存在陆地联系。在这些地区发现的许多物种都存在广泛的重叠范围,这表明可能发生了同族物种形成。相比之下,婆罗洲以东(许多岛屿与Sun他河和萨胡尔大陆架的陆架之间没有历史联系)的面包果树多样性是独特的,可能是水上远距离扩散事件和随后的异相生物多样性的产物。这项工作代表了迄今为止最全面的面包果树系统发育和生物地理学研究,并支持婆罗洲成为进化性生物多样性热点。

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录