Antarctic permafrost soils have not received as much geocryological and biological study as has been devoted to the ice sheet, though the permafrost is more stable and older and inhabited by more microbes. This makes these soils potentially more informative and a more significant microbial repository than ice sheets. Due to the stability of the subsurface physicochemical regime, Antarctic permafrost is not an extreme environment but a balanced natural one. Up to 10(4) viable cells/g, whose age presumably corresponds to the longevity of the permanently frozen state of the sediments, have been isolated from Antarctic permafrost. Along with the microbes, metabolic by-products are preserved. This presumed natural cryopreservation makes it possible to observe what may be the oldest microbial communities on Earth. Here, we describe the Antarctic permafrost habitat and biodiversity and provide a model for martian ecosystems.

译文

:尽管多年冻土更稳定,更老并且有更多微生物居住,但对南极多年冻土的研究并未像对冰原那样进行过多的地质学和生物学研究。这使得这些土壤比冰原具有更多的信息量和更重要的微生物资源。由于地下理化机制的稳定性,南极多年冻土不是一种极端的环境,而是一种平衡的自然环境。从南极多年冻土中分离出了高达10(4)个活细胞/克,其年龄大概对应于沉积物永久冻结状态的寿命。与微生物一起,代谢副产物得以保存。这种假定的自然冷冻保存使观察地球上最古老的微生物群落成为可能。在这里,我们描述了南极永冻土的栖息地和生物多样性,并为火星生态系统提供了一个模型。

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