The preservation of tropical forests is increasingly at risk, including forests located within human-modified landscapes that retain high conservation value. People modify and interact with these landscapes through a wide range of uses. However, our knowledge of how different forest uses affect biodiversity is limited. Here, we analyse the responses of different taxa to four distinct categories of forest management, namely old-growth forest, Brazil nut extraction areas, reduced impact logging areas, and eucalyptus plantations. Within six independent replicates of each category, we sampled three taxa (fruit-feeding butterflies, dung beetles, and trees) in eastern Amazonia. Forests under moderate use (Brazil nut extraction and reduced-impact logging) had similar, albeit slightly lower, diversity levels relative to old-growth forests, while communities in plantations were significantly less diverse. Only 4%, 20%, and 17%, of the sampled butterfly, dung beetle, and tree species, respectively, were restricted to old-growth forests. This study provides further empirical evidence of the importance of old-growth forest conservation in the context of human-modified landscapes. It also suggests that landscape matrices integrating forest uses at varying intensities are well positioned to reconcile biodiversity conservation with the production of goods that support local livelihoods.

译文

:保护热带森林的风险日益增加,包括位于保留了高保护价值的人为改变的地貌内的森林。人们通过广泛的用途来修改这些景观并与之交互。但是,我们对不同森林利用方式如何影响生物多样性的知识是有限的。在这里,我们分析了不同分类单元对森林经营的四个不同类别的响应,即老龄森林,巴西坚果采摘区,减少影响的伐木区和桉树人工林。在每个类别的六个独立重复样本中,我们在东亚马逊地区采样了三个分类单元(以喂食蝴蝶,粪甲虫和树木为食)。与老龄林相比,适度使用的森林(巴西坚果提取和减少影响的伐木)的多样性水平相似,尽管略低,但人工林的多样性却明显较低。分别只有4%,20%和17%的蝴蝶,,甲虫和树木物种被限制在古老的森林中。这项研究提供了进一步的经验证据,说明在人工改造景观的背景下旧森林保护的重要性。它还表明,以不同强度整合森林利用的景观矩阵处于有利位置,可以使生物多样性保护与支持当地生计的商品生产相协调。

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