Plants detect the presence of neighbouring vegetation by monitoring changes in the ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) wavelengths (R:FR) in ambient light. Reductions in R:FR are perceived by the phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors and initiate a suite of developmental responses termed the shade avoidance syndrome. These include increased elongation growth of stems and petioles, enabling plants to overtop competing vegetation. The majority of shade avoidance experiments are performed at standard laboratory growing temperatures (>20°C). In these conditions, elongation responses to low R:FR are often accompanied by reductions in leaf development and accumulation of plant biomass. Here we investigated shade avoidance responses at a cooler temperature (16°C). In these conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana displays considerable low R:FR-mediated increases in leaf area, with reduced low R:FR-mediated petiole elongation and leaf hyponasty responses. In Landsberg erecta, these strikingly different shade avoidance phenotypes are accompanied by increased leaf thickness, increased biomass and an altered metabolite profile. At 16°C, low R:FR treatment results in the accumulation of soluble sugars and metabolites associated with cold acclimation. Analyses of natural genetic variation in shade avoidance responses at 16°C have revealed a regulatory role for the receptor-like kinase ERECTA.

译文

植物通过监测环境光中红色 (R) 与远红 (FR) 波长 (R:FR) 之比的变化来检测相邻植被的存在。植物光感受器的植物色素家族感知到R:FR的减少,并引发了一系列称为避荫综合症的发育反应。其中包括增加茎和叶柄的伸长生长,使植物能够超越竞争的植被。大多数避荫实验是在标准实验室生长温度 (>20 °C) 下进行的。在这些条件下,对低R:FR的伸长响应通常伴随着叶片发育和植物生物量积累的减少。在这里,我们研究了在较低温度 (16 °C) 下避免阴影的响应。在这些条件下,拟南芥在叶面积上显示出相当低的R:FR介导的增加,而低的R:FR介导的叶柄伸长和叶片发育不良反应降低。在Landsberg erecta中,这些截然不同的避荫表型伴随着叶片厚度的增加,生物量的增加和代谢物分布的改变。在16 °C时,低R:FR处理会导致与冷驯化相关的可溶性糖和代谢物的积累。对16 °C下避荫反应的自然遗传变异的分析表明,受体样激酶ERECTA具有调节作用。

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