BACKGROUND:The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets require that, by 2020, 90% of those living with HIV know their status, 90% of known HIV-positive individuals receive sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 90% of individuals on ART have durable viral suppression. The HPTN 071 (PopART) trial is measuring the impact of a universal testing and treatment intervention on population-level HIV incidence in 21 urban communities in Zambia and South Africa. We report observational data from four communities in Zambia to assess progress towards the UNAIDS targets after 1 y of the PopART intervention. METHODS AND FINDINGS:The PopART intervention comprises annual rounds of home-based HIV testing delivered by community HIV-care providers (CHiPs) who also support linkage to care, ART retention, and other services. Data from four communities in Zambia receiving the full intervention (including immediate ART for all individuals with HIV) were used to determine proportions of participants who knew their HIV status after the CHiP visit; proportions linking to care and initiating ART following referral; and overall proportions of HIV-infected individuals who knew their status (first 90 target) and the proportion of these on ART (second 90 target), pre- and post-intervention. We are not able to assess progress towards the third 90 target at this stage of the study. Overall, 121,130 adults (59,283 men and 61,847 women) were enumerated in 46,714 households during the first annual round (December 2013 to June 2015). Of the 45,399 (77%) men and 55,703 (90%) women consenting to the intervention, 80% of men and 85% of women knew their HIV status after the CHiP visit. Of 6,197 HIV-positive adults referred by CHiPs, 42% (95% CI: 40%-43%) initiated ART within 6 mo and 53% (95% CI: 52%-55%) within 12 mo. In the entire population, the estimated proportion of HIV-positive adults who knew their status increased from 52% to 78% for men and from 56% to 87% for women. The estimated proportion of known HIV-positive individuals on ART increased overall from 54% after the CHiP visit to 74% by the end of the round for men and from 53% to 73% for women. The estimated overall proportion of HIV-positive adults on ART, irrespective of whether they knew their status, increased from 44% to 61%, compared with the 81% target (the product of the first two 90 targets). Coverage was lower among young men and women than in older age groups. The main limitation of the study was the need for assumptions concerning knowledge of HIV status and ART coverage among adults not consenting to the intervention or HIV testing, although our conclusions were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS:In this analysis, acceptance of HIV testing among those consenting to the intervention was high, although linkage to care and ART initiation took longer than expected. Knowledge of HIV-positive status increased steeply after 1 y, almost attaining the first 90 target in women and approaching it in men. The second 90 target was more challenging, with approximately three-quarters of known HIV-positive individuals on ART by the end of the annual round. Achieving higher test uptake in men and more rapid linkage to care will be key objectives during the second annual round of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01900977.

译文

背景:联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署(UNAIDS)90-90-90目标要求到2020年,90%的HIV感染者知道其状况,90%的已知HIV阳性患者接受持续的抗逆转录病毒疗法( ART),并且90%的ART患者具有持久的病毒抑制作用。 HPTN 071(PopART)试验正在评估普遍测试和治疗干预措施对赞比亚和南非的21个城市社区中艾滋病毒感染率的影响。我们报告了来自赞比亚四个社区的观测数据,以评估PopART干预1年后实现联合国艾滋病规划署目标的进展。
方法和调查结果:PopART干预包括社区艾滋病护理提供者(CHiP)每年进行的基于家庭的HIV测试,他们也支持与护理,ART保留和其他服务的联系。来自赞比亚四个社区的接受了全面干预的数据(包括对所有艾滋病病毒感染者进行的即时抗病毒治疗)被用来确定在CHiP访问后知道其艾滋病毒状况的参与者的比例。转诊后与护理和启动抗逆转录病毒疗法有关的比例;以及在干预前和干预后知道自己状况的HIV感染者的总体比例(前90个目标)以及接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人群中的比例(后90个目标)。在此研究阶段,我们无法评估实现第90个目标的进度。在第一轮年度调查(2013年12月至2015年6月)中,总计46,714户家庭中有121,130名成年人(59,283名男性和61,847名女性)被列举。在同意接受干预的45,399名男性(77%)和55,703名女性(90%)中,有80%的男性和85%的女性在CHiP访问后知道了他们的艾滋病毒状况。在CHiPs推荐的6,197名HIV阳性成年人中,有42%(95%CI:40%-43%)在6个月内发起抗逆转录病毒疗法,有​​53%(95%CI:52%-55%)在12个月内引发抗逆转录病毒疗法。在整个人口中,知道自己的状况的艾滋病毒呈阳性的成年人的估计比例从男人的52%增至78%,从女人的56%增至87%。据估计,接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的已知HIV阳性个体的比例总体上从CHiP访问后的54%上升到该轮结束时的男性的74%,女性的53%增至73%。不论他们是否知道自己的状况,估计艾滋病毒呈阳性的成年人的总体比例,从81%的目标(前两个90个目标的乘积)相比,从44%增加到61%。青年男子和妇女的覆盖率低于老年组。这项研究的主要局限性是需要对成人的艾滋病毒状况和抗逆转录病毒疗法的知识进行假设,尽管我们的结论在敏感性分析中是可靠的,但他们不同意干预措施或艾滋病毒检测。
结论:在这项分析中,尽管与护理和抗病毒治疗的联系花费的时间比预期的长,但接受干预措施的人对艾滋病毒检测的接受程度很高。对艾滋病毒阳性状态的了解在1年后急剧增加,几乎达到了女性的前90个目标,而男性则接近了这一目标。第二个90目标更具挑战性,到年度回合结束时,大约四分之三的已知HIV阳性个体接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。在第二年的年度干预中,实现男性更高的测试摄入量和与护理之间更快的联系将是主要目标。
试用注册:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01900977。

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