The 3.5-Myr-old hominin cranium KNM-WT 40000 from Lomekwi, west of Lake Turkana, has been assigned to a new hominin genus and species, Kenyanthropus platyops, on the basis of a unique combination of derived facial and primitive neurocranial features. Central to the diagnosis of K. platyops is the morphology of the maxilla, characterized by a flat and relatively orthognathic subnasal region, anteriorly placed zygomatic processes and small molars. To study this morphology in more detail, we compare the maxillae of African Plio-Pleistocene hominin fossils and samples of modern humans, chimpanzees and gorillas, using conventional and geometric morphometric methods. Computed tomography scans and detailed preparation of the KNM-WT 40000 maxilla enable comprehensive assessment of post-mortem changes, so that landmark data characterizing the morphology can be corrected for distortion. Based on a substantially larger comparative sample than previously available, the results of statistical analyses show that KNM-WT 40000 is indeed significantly different from and falls outside the known range of variation of species of Australopithecus and Paranthropus, contemporary Australopithecus afarensis in particular. These results support the attribution of KNM-WT 40000 to a separate species and the notion that hominin taxonomic diversity in Africa extends back well into the Middle Pliocene.

译文

基于衍生的面部和原始神经颅特征的独特组合,来自图尔卡纳湖以西Lomekwi的3.5-Myr-old hominin cranium KNM-WT 40000已被分配给新的hominin属和物种Kenyanthropus platyops。诊断桔梗的中心是上颌骨的形态,其特征是平坦且相对正颌的鼻下区域,前放置的the突和小磨牙。为了更详细地研究这种形态,我们使用常规和几何形态计量学方法比较了非洲Plio-更新世人化石的颌骨和现代人类,黑猩猩和大猩猩的样本。计算机断层扫描扫描和knm-wt 40000上颌骨的详细准备能够全面评估死后变化,从而可以校正表征形态的地标数据以进行失真。基于比以前可获得的大得多的比较样本,统计分析的结果表明,KNM-WT 40000确实与南方古猿和Paranthropus,特别是当代南方古猿的物种的已知变异范围显着不同,并且超出了已知的变异范围。这些结果支持将KNM-WT 40000归因于一个单独的物种,并且支持非洲的人类生物分类多样性可以追溯到上新世中期的观点。

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