The effects of temporal variation in the quality of short-lived annual plants on oviposition preference and larval performance of insect herbivores has thus far received little attention. This study examines the effects of plant age on female oviposition preference and offspring performance in the large cabbage white butterfly Pieris brassicae. Adult female butterflies lay variable clusters of eggs on the underside of short-lived annual species in the family Brassicaceae, including the short-lived annuals Brassica nigra and Sinapis arvensis, which are important food plants for P. brassicae in The Netherlands. Here, we compared oviposition preference and larval performance of P. brassicae on three age classes (young, mature, and pre-senescing) of B. nigra and S. arvensis plants. Oviposition preference of P. brassicae declined with plant age in both plant species. Whereas larvae performed similarly on all three age classes in B. nigra, preference and performance were weakly correlated in S. arvensis. Analysis of primary (sugars and amino acids) and secondary (glucosinolates) chemistry in the plant shoots revealed that differences in their quality and quantity were more pronounced with respect to tissue type (leaves vs. flowers) than among different developmental stages of both plant species. Butterflies of P. brassicae may prefer younger and smaller plants for oviposition anticipating that future plant growth and size is optimally synchronized with the final larval instar, which contributes >80% of larval growth before pupation.

译文

到目前为止,短命一年生植物质量的时间变化对昆虫食草动物的产卵偏好和幼虫表现的影响很少受到关注。这项研究研究了植物年龄对大型白菜白蝴蝶粉蝶的雌性产卵偏好和后代表现的影响。成年雌蝶在十字花科的短寿命一年生物种的下侧产下可变的卵簇,包括短寿命的一年生芸苔和Sinapis arvensis,它们是荷兰十字花科的重要食用植物。在这里,我们比较了三个年龄类别 (年轻,成熟和衰老前) 的芸苔属植物的产卵偏好和幼虫表现。在两种植物中,芸苔属的产卵偏好均随植物年龄而下降。尽管幼虫在黑质B. nigra的所有三个年龄段的表现相似,但在S. arvensis中,偏好和表现之间的相关性较弱。对植物芽中初级 (糖和氨基酸) 和次级 (硫代葡萄糖苷) 化学的分析表明,在组织类型 (叶与花) 方面,其质量和数量的差异比在不同发育阶段之间更为明显。两种植物物种。芸苔属的蝴蝶可能更喜欢年轻和较小的植物进行产卵,以预期未来的植物生长和大小与最终的幼虫最佳地同步,这在化P之前有助于幼虫生长的80%。

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