Rapid information processing in our nervous system relies on high-frequency fusion of transmitter-filled vesicles at chemical synapses. Some sensory synapses possess prominent electron-dense ribbon structures that provide a scaffold for tethering synaptic vesicles at the active zone (AZ), enabling sustained vesicular release. Here, we review functional data indicating that some central and neuromuscular synapses can also sustain vesicle-fusion rates that are comparable to those of ribbon-type sensory synapses. Comparison of the ultrastructure across these different types of synapses, together with recent work showing that cytomatrix proteins can tether vesicles and speed vesicle reloading, suggests that filamentous structures may play a key role in vesicle supply. We discuss potential mechanisms by which vesicle tethering could contribute to sustained high rates of vesicle fusion across ribbon-type, central, and neuromuscular synapses.

译文

我们神经系统中的快速信息处理依赖于化学突触中充满递质的囊泡的高频融合。一些感觉突触具有突出的电子致密带状结构,为在活动区 (AZ) 的突触囊泡提供了束缚的支架,从而实现了持续的囊泡释放。在这里,我们回顾了功能数据,这些数据表明某些中枢和神经肌肉突触也可以维持与带状感觉突触相当的囊泡融合速率。比较这些不同类型的突触的超微结构,以及最近的研究表明,细胞基质蛋白可以束缚囊泡并加快囊泡的重新加载,表明丝状结构可能在囊泡供应中起关键作用。我们讨论了囊泡束缚可能有助于跨带状,中枢和神经肌肉突触持续高速囊泡融合的潜在机制。

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