Endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins form a multicomplex sorting machinery that controls multivesicular body (MVB) formation and the sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins to the endosomes. Being sorted to the MVB generally results in the lysosome-dependent degradation of cell-surface receptors, and defects in this machinery induce dysregulated receptor traffic and turnover. Recent lessons from gene targeting and silencing methodologies have implicated the ESCRT in normal development, cell differentiation, and growth, as well as in the budding of certain enveloped viruses. Furthermore, it is becoming apparent that the dysregulation of ESCRT proteins is involved in the development of various human diseases, including many types of cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we summarize the roles of ESCRT proteins in MVB sorting processes and the regulation of tumor cells, and we discuss some of their other functions that are unrelated to vesicular transport.

译文

转运所需的内体分选复合物 (ESCRT) 蛋白质形成一个多复合物分选机制,控制多囊泡体 (MVB) 的形成和泛素化膜蛋白到内体的分选。被分类到MVB通常会导致细胞表面受体的溶酶体依赖性降解,并且该机制中的缺陷会导致受体的流量和周转失调。最近从基因靶向和沉默方法中获得的经验教训表明,ESCRT参与了正常发育,细胞分化和生长以及某些包膜病毒的萌芽。此外,越来越明显的是,ESCRT蛋白的失调参与了各种人类疾病的发展,包括许多类型的癌症和神经退行性疾病。在这里,我们总结了ESCRT蛋白在MVB分选过程和肿瘤细胞调控中的作用,并讨论了与囊泡运输无关的其他一些功能。

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