The prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells of the colon exist in a highly complex, but harmonious relationship. Disturbances in this remarkable symbiosis can result in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although the etiology of IBD is not entirely understood, it is known that the chronic inflammation of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis are a result of an overly aggressive immune response to the commensal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Recent studies have enhanced our ability to understand the interaction between the host and its intestinal microflora and the role the microflora plays in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. As we begin to understand the benefits conferred to the intestine by the microflora, the notion of modifying the composition of the bacterial load to improve human health has arisen. A significant body of research now exists investigating the role of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating chronic intestinal inflammation. This article will begin with an overview of the role of the commensal microflora in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis, and how a dysregulated immune response to the intestinal microflora results in IBD. This will be followed by a summary of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in experimental and human IBD.

译文

结肠的原核和真核细胞以高度复杂但和谐的关系存在。这种显着共生的干扰可能导致炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的发展。尽管IBD的病因尚不完全清楚,但众所周知,克罗恩病,溃疡性结肠炎和慢性胆囊炎的慢性炎症是对遗传易感宿主的共生肠道菌群过度激进的免疫反应的结果。最近的研究增强了我们了解宿主与其肠道菌群之间的相互作用以及微生物群在维持肠道稳态中的作用的能力。当我们开始了解微生物区系赋予肠道的益处时,就出现了改变细菌负荷的组成以改善人类健康的想法。目前存在大量研究,研究益生菌和益生元在改善慢性肠道炎症中的作用。本文将首先概述共生菌群在维持粘膜免疫稳态中的作用,以及对肠道菌群的免疫反应失调如何导致IBD。随后将总结益生菌和益生元在实验和人类IBD中的使用。

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