Neuromodulation consists in altering brain activity to restore mental and physical functions in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders and brain and spinal cord injuries. This can be achieved by delivering electrical stimulation that excites or inhibits neural tissue, by using electrical signals in the brain to move computer cursors or robotic arms, or by displaying brain activity to subjects who regulate that activity by their own responses to it. As enabling prostheses, deep-brain stimulation and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are forms of extended embodiment that become integrated into the individual's conception of himself as an autonomous agent. In BCIs and neurofeedback, the success or failure of the techniques depends on the interaction between the learner and the trainer. The restoration of agency and autonomy through neuromodulation thus involves neurophysiological, psychological and social factors.

译文

神经调节包括改变大脑活动,以恢复患有神经精神疾病以及脑和脊髓损伤的个体的精神和身体功能。这可以通过传递激发或抑制神经组织的电刺激,通过使用大脑中的电信号来移动计算机光标或机械臂,或者通过向通过自己的反应来调节该活动的受试者显示大脑活动来实现。作为启用假体,深部脑刺激和脑机接口 (BCIs) 是扩展实施形式的形式,它们被整合到个人将自己视为自主代理的概念中。在BCIs和神经反馈中,技术的成败取决于学习者和培训师之间的互动。因此,通过神经调节恢复代理和自主性涉及神经生理,心理和社会因素。

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