Community-based natural resource conservation programs in developing nations face many implementation challenges underpinned by social-psychological mechanisms. One challenge is garnering local support in an economically and socially sustainable fashion despite economic hardship and historical alienation from local resources. Unfortunately, conservationists' limited understanding of the social-psychological mechanisms underlying participatory conservation impedes the search for appropriate solutions. We address this issue by revealing key underlying social-psychological mechanisms of participatory conservation. Different administrative designs create social atmospheres that differentially affect endorsement of conservation goals. Certain forms of endorsement may be less effective motivators and less economically and socially sustainable than others. From a literature review we found that conservation initiatives endorsed primarily for nonautonomous instrumental reasons, such as to avoid economic fines or to secure economic rewards, are less motivating than those endorsed for autonomous reasons, such as for the opportunity for personal expression and growth. We suggest that successful participatory programs promote autonomous endorsement of conservation through an administrative framework of autonomy support-free and open democratic participation in management, substantive recognition and inclusion of local stakeholder identity, and respectful, noncoercive social interaction. This framework of the autonomy-supportive environment (self-determination theory) has important implications for future research into program design and incentive-based conservation and identifies a testable social-psychological theory of conservancy motivation.

译文

发展中国家基于社区的自然资源保护计划面临许多由社会心理机制支撑的实施挑战。尽管经济困难和历史上与当地资源的疏远,但挑战之一是以经济和社会可持续的方式获得当地支持。不幸的是,保护主义者对参与式保护背后的社会心理机制的有限理解阻碍了寻求适当的解决方案。我们通过揭示参与性保护的关键潜在社会心理机制来解决这个问题。不同的行政设计会创造不同的社会氛围,从而不同地影响对保护目标的认可。与其他形式相比,某些形式的认可可能是不那么有效的激励因素,并且在经济和社会上的可持续性较差。从文献回顾中,我们发现主要出于非自主的工具原因 (例如避免经济罚款或获得经济回报) 而认可的保护计划的动机不如出于自主原因 (例如个人表达和成长的机会) 而认可的保护计划。我们建议成功的参与性计划通过自治支持的行政框架来促进对保护的自主认可-自由和开放的民主参与管理,实质性承认和纳入当地利益相关者的身份以及尊重,非强制性的社会互动。自治支持环境 (自决理论) 的框架对未来对计划设计和基于激励的保护的研究具有重要意义,并确定了可检验的保护动机的社会心理学理论。

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