OBJECTIVE:To examine the perceived need to alter eating habits among nationally-representative samples from each member state of the European Union (EU).

DESIGN:A cross-sectional study in which quota-controlled, nationally-representative samples of approximately 1000 adults from each country completed a face-to-face interview-assisted questionnaire.

SETTING:The survey was conducted between October 1995 and February 1996 in the 15 member states of the European Union.

SUBJECTS:14,331 subjects (aged 15 y upwards) completed the questionnaire. Data were weighted by population size for each country and by sex, age and regional distribution within each member state.

RESULTS:71% of EU subjects agreed with the statement 'I do not need to make changes to the food I eat, as it is already healthy enough'. There was wide variation between the member states ranging from 47% in Finland to 87% in Italy indicating agreement. Overall there was little difference between the sexes except in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece and Ireland, but the proportions of subjects agreeing with the statement generally increased with advancing age and decreased with higher levels of education. The effects of demographics were not consistent across member states. A total of 49% of EU subjects agreed with the statement 'I usually do not think of the nutritional aspects of the food I eat'. Significantly more females than males disagreed with the statement in all countries except Portugal. In all member states there were widespread beliefs that people in general should decrease their consumption of savoury snacks and increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables.

CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study demonstrate that dietary advice may not be perceived as personally relevant among EU subjects. In addition important target groups for the promotion of healthy eating have been identified for example, males or subjects with low levels of education. Because of the variation in attitudes a single pan-EU healthy eating programme is unlikely to be effective for all countries or for different demographic groups.

译文

目标 : 检查来自欧盟 (EU) 每个成员国的具有国家代表性的样本中改变饮食习惯的感知需求。
设计 : 一项横断面研究,其中来自每个国家的大约1000名成年人的配额控制的,具有全国代表性的样本完成了面对面访谈辅助问卷。
设置 : 调查是在欧盟15个成员国的1995年10月和1996年2月之间进行的。
受试者 :14,331名受试者 (15岁以上) 完成了问卷调查。数据按每个国家的人口规模以及每个成员国的性别、年龄和地区分布加权。结果: 71% 的欧盟受试者同意 “我不需要改变我吃的食物” 的说法,因为它已经足够健康了。成员国之间的差异很大,从芬兰的47% 到意大利的87%,表明同意。总体而言,除奥地利,比利时,德国,希腊和爱尔兰外,性别之间几乎没有差异,但同意该声明的受试者的比例通常随着年龄的增长而增加,而随着教育水平的提高而减少。各会员国人口统计的影响并不一致。共有49% 名欧盟受试者同意 “我通常不认为我所吃的食物的营养方面” 的说法。在除葡萄牙以外的所有国家,不同意这一说法的女性明显多于男性。在所有成员国中,人们普遍认为人们应该减少咸味小吃的消费,并增加水果和蔬菜的消费。
结论 : 这项研究的结果表明,在欧盟受试者中,饮食建议可能不被认为与个人相关。此外,还确定了促进健康饮食的重要目标群体,例如男性或教育水平较低的受试者。由于态度的差异,单一的泛欧盟健康饮食计划不太可能对所有国家或不同的人口群体有效。

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