OBJECTIVES:An effort was made to verify co-relation between intraperitoneal adhesions and anatomy of oviductal mucosa of infertile women with distal tubal occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study comprised 25 infertile women with distal tubal occlusion. The patients were allocated into 3 groups: A--11 women with the history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); B--9 patients with previous gynecological abdominal surgery; and C--5 women without PID nor surgery. Intraperitoneal adhesion index as well as oviductal mucosa were evaluated during laparoscopy and salpingoscopy. RESULTS:Women with the history of PID presented strong co-relation between intraperitoneal adhesions and anatomical abnormalities of the tubal mucosa with distal tubal occlusion. The co-relation was stronger then in women with previous abdominal surgery. Following the evaluation of the fallopian tubes, 5 out of 11 patients with history of PID, 6 of 9 women with history of previous surgery and all 5 without any risk factors were qualified for microsurgical reconstructive treatment. The remaining patients were sent for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.