Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are used to retard the nitrification process and reduce nitrogen (N) losses. However, the effects of soil properties on NI efficacy are less clear. Moreover, the direct and indirect effects of soil property variations on NI efficiency in minimizing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have not been previously studied. An incubation experiment was conducted for 40 days with two treatments, N (200 mg N-urea kg-1) and N + dicyandiamide (DCD) (20 mg DCD kg-1), and a control group (without the N) to investigate the response of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) to DCD application and the consequences for CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from six soils from the Loess Plateau with different properties. The nitrification process completed within 6-18 days for the N treatment and within 30->40 days for the N + DCD treatment. AOB increased significantly with N fertilizer application, while this effect was inhibited in soils when DCD was applied. AOA was not sensitive to N fertilizer and DCD application. The nitrification rate was positively correlated with the clay (p < 0.05) and SOM contents (p < 0.01); DCD was more effective in loam soil with low SOM and high soil pH. Soil pH significantly was decreased with N fertilizer application, while it increased when DCD was applied. Moreover, DCD application decreased CO2 emissions from soils by 22%-172%; CO2 emissions were negatively correlated with the clay and SOM contents. DCD application decreased N2O emissions in each soil by 1.0- to 94-fold compared with those after N fertilizer application. In contrast, DCD application increased NH3 release from soils by 59-278%. NH3 volatilization was negatively correlated with clay (p < 0.05) and SOM (p < 0.01) contents and positively correlated with soil pH (p < 0.01). Therefore, soil texture, SOM and soil pH have significant effects on the DCD performance, nitrification process and gaseous emissions.

译文

硝化抑制剂 (NIs) 用于延缓硝化过程并减少氮 (N) 损失。然而,土壤性质对镍功效的影响尚不清楚。此外,以前尚未研究土壤性质变化对NI效率的直接和间接影响,以最大程度地减少二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放。用N (200 mg N-ure 1千克-1) 和N + 双氰胺 (DCD) (20 mg DCD kg-1) 两种处理进行孵育实验40天,和对照组 (不含N) 研究氨氧化细菌 (AOB) 和古细菌 (AOA) 对DCD施用的响应以及六种土壤中CO2,一氧化二氮 (N2O) 和氨 (NH3) 排放的后果。黄土高原具有不同的性质。硝化过程在N处理的6-18天内完成,在N DCD处理的30->40天内完成。施用氮肥后,AOB显着增加,而施用DCD时,这种作用在土壤中受到抑制。AOA对氮肥和DCD施用不敏感。硝化率与粘土 (p < 0.05) 和SOM含量 (p < 0.01) 呈正相关。DCD在SOM低,土壤pH高的壤土中更有效。施用氮肥后,土壤ph值显着降低,而施用DCD时,土壤ph值升高。此外,施用DCD可使土壤中的CO2排放量降低22%-172%; CO2排放量与粘土和SOM含量呈负相关。与施用氮肥后相比,施用DCD可使每种土壤中的N2O排放量减少1.0至94倍。相反,施用DCD使土壤中的NH3释放增加了59-278%。NH3挥发与粘土 (p < 0.05) 和SOM (p < 0.01) 含量呈负相关,与土壤pH呈正相关 (p <0.01)。因此,土壤质地,SOM和土壤pH对DCD性能,硝化过程和气体排放有显着影响。

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