Titanium and its alloys are widely used as implant materials for dental and orthopaedic applications. To improve their wear and corrosion resistance, several surface modifications that give rise to an outer ceramic layer of rutile have been developed. It is expected that after a long period of functional loading, rutile debris will arise from these modified surfaces. We have compared the in vitro biocompatibility of subcytotoxic doses of rutile and titanium particles of phagocytosable size in primary cultures of human osteoblasts. Particles were visualized using a spectral confocal microscope by reflection. Both types of particles aggregated in the culture media and were efficiently internalized by osteoblasts as agglomerates. Treatment of isolated cultures of osteoblasts with rutile particles stimulated the release of IL-6, PGE2, and GM-CSF to a lesser extent than titanium. The influence of macrophages on the particle-induced stimulation of those local factors was analyzed by coculturing TPA-differentiated THP-1 cells with osteoblasts. Under these conditions, levels of IL-6 and PGE2 after treatment of cocultured osteoblasts with rutile particles were lower than after exposure to titanium. These results indicate that rutile debris shows a lower bioreactivity than titanium when tested in cultures of human osteoblasts and support the improved biocompatibility of titanium-based implants modified to create an outer layer of rutile on their surfaces.

译文

钛及其合金被广泛用作牙科和骨科应用的植入材料。为了提高它们的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,已经开发了几种表面改性,这些表面改性会产生金红石的外部陶瓷层。预计经过长时间的功能加载后,这些改性表面会产生金红石碎屑。我们已经比较了人成骨细胞原代培养物中亚细胞毒性剂量的金红石和可吞噬大小的钛颗粒的体外生物相容性。使用光谱共聚焦显微镜通过反射使颗粒可视化。两种类型的颗粒都聚集在培养基中,并被成骨细胞有效地内化为团聚体。用金红石颗粒处理分离的成骨细胞培养物刺激IL-6,PGE2和gm-csf的释放程度低于钛。通过将TPA分化的THP-1细胞与成骨细胞共培养来分析巨噬细胞对颗粒诱导的刺激这些局部因素的影响。在这些条件下,用金红石颗粒处理共培养的成骨细胞后的IL-6和PGE2水平低于暴露于钛后的水平。这些结果表明,当在人成骨细胞培养物中进行测试时,金红石碎片显示出比钛更低的生物活性,并支持改进的基于钛的植入物的生物相容性,该植入物经过改性以在其表面形成金红石外层。

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