Fire blight, a bacteriosis of apple and pear, was assayed with molecular tools to associate its origin in Russia, Slovenia and south-eastern Austria with neighboring countries. The identification of all investigated strains was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy except one. Independent isolation was verified by the level of amylovoran synthesis and by the number of short sequence DNA repeats in plasmid pEA29. DNA of gently lysed E. amylovora strains from Russia, Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Croatia, Poland, Central Europe and Iran was treated with restriction enzymes XbaI and SpeI to create typical banding patterns for PFGE analysis. The pattern Pt2 indicated that most Russian E. amylovora strains were related to strains from Turkey and Iran. Strains from Slovenia exhibited patterns Pt3 and Pt2, both present in the neighboring countries. Strains were also probed for the recently described plasmid pEI70 detected in Pt1 strains from Poland and in Pt3 strains from other countries. The distribution of pattern Pt3 suggests distribution of fire blight from Belgium and the Netherlands to Central Spain and Northern Italy and then north to Carinthia. The PFGE patterns indicate that trade of plants may have introduced fire blight into southern parts of Europe proceeded by sequential spread.

译文

火疫病是一种苹果和梨的细菌,已通过分子工具进行了分析,以将其在俄罗斯,斯洛文尼亚和奥地利东南部的起源与邻国联系起来。除一种菌株外,所有菌株的鉴定均通过maldi-tof质谱证实。通过amylovoran的合成水平和质粒pea29中短序列DNA重复序列的数量验证了独立隔离。用限制酶XbaI和SpeI处理了来自俄罗斯,斯洛文尼亚,奥地利,匈牙利,意大利,西班牙,克罗地亚,波兰,中欧和伊朗的轻度裂解的淀粉样曲霉菌株的DNA,以创建用于PFGE分析的典型条带模式。Pt2模式表明,大多数俄罗斯淀粉样芽孢杆菌菌株与来自土耳其和伊朗的菌株有关。来自斯洛文尼亚的菌株表现出Pt3和Pt2的模式,都存在于邻国。还对最近在波兰的Pt1菌株和其他国家的Pt3菌株中检测到的质粒pEI70进行了检测。模式Pt3的分布表明,从比利时和荷兰到西班牙中部和意大利北部,再到北部到克恩滕州的火疫病分布。PFGE模式表明,植物贸易可能通过顺序传播将火疫病引入了欧洲南部。

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