Tacrolimus is a first-line calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and an integral part of the immunosuppressive strategy in solid organ transplantation. Being a dose-critical drug, tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic index that necessitates periodic monitoring to maintain the drug's efficacy and reduce the consequences of overexposure. Tacrolimus is characterized by substantial intra- and inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability. At steady state, the tacrolimus blood concentration to daily dose ratio (C/D ratio) has been described as a surrogate for the estimation of the individual metabolism rate, where a low C/D ratio reflects a higher rate of metabolism. Fast tacrolimus metabolism (low C/D ratio) is associated with the risk of poor outcomes after transplantation, including reduced allograft function and survival, higher allograft rejection, CNI nephrotoxicity, a faster decline in kidney function, reduced death-censored graft survival (DCGS), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular events. In this article, we discuss the potential role of the C/D ratio in a noninvasive monitoring strategy for identifying patients at risk for potential adverse events post-transplant.

译文

他克莫司是一线钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂 (CNI),是实体器官移植中免疫抑制策略的组成部分。他克莫司是一种剂量关键药物,其治疗指数很窄,需要定期监测以保持药物的疗效并减少过度暴露的后果。他克莫司的特征是个体内和个体间的药代动力学差异。在稳定状态下,他克莫司的血液浓度与日剂量比 (C/D比) 已被描述为估算个体代谢率的替代指标,其中低C/D比反映了较高的代谢率。快速他克莫司代谢 (低C/D比) 与移植后不良预后的风险相关,包括同种异体移植功能和存活率降低,同种异体移植排斥反应升高,CNI肾毒性,肾功能更快下降,死亡审查移植物存活率降低 (DCGS),移植后淋巴增生性疾病,血脂异常,高血压和心血管事件。在本文中,我们讨论了C/D比率在无创监测策略中的潜在作用,以识别移植后潜在不良事件的风险患者。

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